This paper deals with the topic of craft and trade activities of the Sandjak of Požega during the Ottoman rule from the first half of the 16th century to the end of the 17th century. The first part of the paper aims at describing Ottoman conquests in Slavonia as an introduction to the events that took place during the nearly two-century rule. In addition, the paper shows borders, the affiliation of the Sandjak to wider territorial-administrative units and the key battles that led to the liberation of Slavonia at the end of the 17th century. The main part of the paper focuses on the craft-trade activity of the Požega inhabitants through the presentation of data on the number of tradesmen and directions or the strength of tradeexchange.The paper mostly analyses the situation during the 16th century. Data relating to the year 1579 is based on the analysis of the registry of the sandjak of Požega from the same year. This section gives insight into the most represented trades of food and material goods and the trades that played the most important role in supplying the population, as well as the Ottoman army. In addition, trade links, the connection of Požega and Osijek with neighbouring sandjaks and other parts of the Empire, as well as the river trade, which had an important export-transit character, are described. Finally, the paper gives an insight into the work of the Osijek fair, which, as the largest fair in sandjak, attracted numerous traders and thus had a positive effect on the economic development of both Osijek and Požega sandjak.