Title Fortifikacije rimskih gradova na obalnom području provincije Dalmacije Title (english) Fortifications of Roman towns on the coastal area of the province of Dalmatia Author Ruža Sekso Mentor Dražen Maršić (mentor)Committee member Željko Miletić (predsjednik povjerenstva) Committee member Dražen Maršić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Domagoj Tončinić (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zadar Defense date and country 2017-05-19, Croatia Scientific / art field, HUMANISTIC SCIENCES Universal decimal classificationUDC ) 72 - Architecture Abstract Fortifikacijsko graditeljstvo predstavlja značajan segment kulturnog naslijeđa svake povijesne epohe, jer na oblikovanje i koncepciju fortifikacija utječu svi elementi i faktori zaslužni za globalni razvoj nekog društva. Brojna naselja na promatranom području pokazuju kontinuitet utvrđivanja, počevši od protourbane, preko helenističke i rimske, do kasnoantičke faze i pokazatelj su transformacije, redovito povezane s mijenjanjem kulturno-etničke podloge. U tom kontekstu najznačajniji su ostatci
... More fortifikacijskih struktura u Kuriku, Apsoru, Jaderu, Aseriji, Varvariji, Saloni, Naroni i Lješu. Najslabije su poznate fortifikacije gradova koji dolaskom pod rimsku upravu napuštaju povišen gradinski položaj i spuštaju se u podnožje što je slučaj kod većine kvarnerskih i podvelebitskih gradova. Na njima su otkriveni manji segmenti prapovijesnih i kasnoantičkih obrambenih struktura, što otvara pitanje postojanja rimskih. Poseban problem u rekonstrukciji slijeda promjena na gradskim bedemima nastao je uslijed potpune namjerne devastacije što je bila sudbina fortifikacija Tarsatike, Arbe, Senije, Argirunta, Epidaura, Budve i Bara. Za proučavanje kronologije nastanka i promjena na rimskim gradskim bedemima osim epigrafskih i ostalih materijalnih ostatka temeljno je poznavanje tehnika gradnje i obrambenih inovacija koje se uvode razvojem ratne tehnologije. Osnovni materijal za gradnju bio je kamen što je ujedno odredilo i tehnike gradnje njemu prilagođene. Na promatranom prostoru dominantna tehnika bilaje opus auadratum stoje rezultat povijesnog naslijeđa i govori u prilog tomu da su gotovo svi, kasnije rimski gradovi, imali dugu tradiciju utvrđivanja. Rimska inovacija opus incertum zastupljena je uglavnom kao rezultat novopodignutih segmenata i naknadnih adaptacija. Razvoj ratnih strojeva potaknuoje kreativnost u rješavanju gradskih fortifikacija koje se dodatno ojačavaju kulama, kontraforima, paralelnim zidovima, dijatihizmama (poprečnim zidovima) i protihizmama (predzigovima). Analiza dostupne građe i novija istraživanja uz terensku autopsiju pokazuju da je riječ o kompleksnijim promjenama u odnosu na podatke prisutne u stručnoj literaturi. Navedene su brojne situacije koje mogu biti predmet rasprave i predloženo moguće razriješenje temeljem dostupnih znanja. Poseban problem predstavljaju interpretacija dvostrukih bedema u Tarsatici i Kuriku, postojanje dijatihizme u Apsoru i Naroni, datiranje propugnakula u Jaderu i Saloni, te određivanje razvojnih faza u Varvariji, Aseriji i Lješu. Less Abstract (english) Fortification architecture represents a relevant segment of the cultural heritage of any historical epoch because its shaping and concept are under the influence of all the elements and factors responsible for global development of any society. Numerous settlements on the teritory under observation show continuity in building fortifications to begin with the protourban through Hellenic and Roman till the late antiquity and they show the transformation usually related to the change of cultural
... More and ethnic basis. In that context the most significant remains of the fortification structures are in Kurik, Apsor, Jader, Aseria, Varvaria, Salona, Narona and Ljes. The least known are the fortifications of the cities which under the Roman administration abandon elevated position of the hill-fort and descend onto the foothill which is the case of most cities in Kvarner Bay and those situated under the Velebit mountain. In them some smaller segments of prehistorical and late antiquity defense structures put the existence of similar Roman structures in question. Particular problem in reconstruction of the change sequence on city walls results from the total and intentional devastation which were fate of Tarsatika, Arba, Senia, Argirunt, Epidaur, Budva and Bar fortification. To study chronology of origin and changes on the Roman city walls besides the epigraphic and other material remains the knowledge of building tecniques and defense innovations introduced by the war technology development is fundamental. The basic building material was stone which also defines building techniques suited to it. On the observed teritory the predominant technique was opus quadratum which was the result of the historical heritage and adds to the thought that almost all, the Roman cities included, had a long tradition of fortifying. The Roman innovation of opus incertum is present mainly as a result of newly built segments and subsequent adaptations. The development of war machines inspired the creativity in building the city fortifications which get additional towers, buttresses, parallel walls, transversal walls (diatichism), and outter walls (bulwark)-protychisms. The analysis of the accessible material and the recent research with on site autopsy show more complex changes as opposed to the data from the literature. Numerous situations which can be a subject-matter of a dissertation are pointed out and possible options based on available knowledge have been offered. Special problems are the interpretations of the double walls in Tarsatica and Kurik, the existence of diatichism in Apsor and Narona, dating of propugnaculum in Jader and Salona as well as defining the development stages in Varvaria, Aseria and Ljes. Less Keywords
fortifikacije
grad
tehnike
strukture
transformacije
Keywords (english)
fortifications
city
techniques
structures
transformation
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:162:741726 Study programme Title: Archaeology of the Eastern Adriatic Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2017-12-27 09:59:44
