Pancreatic tumors arise in the endocrine or exocrine part of the gland and are divided into benign, potentially malignant, and malignant tumors. The incidence increases with the patient's age, peaking in the seventh decade of life. Most tumors are asymptomatic for an extended period, which complicates their timely detection and treatment. Abdominal pain of dull character, expressed in the epigastric region and radiating towards the back, is one of the most common symptoms of pancreatic tumors. Distal pancreatectomy is a standard surgical procedure used to treat benign, malignant, and premalignant lesions of the body and tail of the pancreas distal to the upper mesenteric artery and vein. It often involves splenectomy due to anatomical proximity and vascular connectivity. Lymphadenectomy may also be performed in the case of malignant disease. Spleen-preserving procedures are realized by preserving perfusion through the splenic vein and artery or by resecting the splenic artery and vein together with the pancreas, but with the establishment of collateral circulation in the hilum of the spleen through the gastric vessels. With the development of surgical techniques, minimally invasive surgery of the pancreatic tail has flourished in treating tumors. This includes laparoscopic and robot-assisted distal pancreatectomy. Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy is performed under general anesthesia using four or five ports (trocars). Typically, two large ports are used for camera and connecting devices, while two to three smaller ports are for surgical instruments. It represents a preferred form of surgical treatment with significant advantages such as reduced postoperative pain and complications, shorter hospitalization duration, less blood loss, and earlier return to previous activities compared to open distal pancreatectomy. The use of robotic systems in the last decade represents a modern approach to the surgical treatment of malignant and benign pancreatic tumors. It enables precise movements using three-dimensional and magnified field of view, greatly assisting surgical teams performing minimally invasive procedures. Postoperative monitoring and treatment primarily focus on controlling and managing drainage output, restoring peristalsis, and detecting and managing possible complications. Improvement in outcomes lags behind other types of carcinomas despite advances in adjuvant therapy and surgical techniques.