Alcohol consumption is a rapidly growing public health problem, and the population of university students is a particularly risky group due to the numerous changes that this period of life brings. The results of previous research pointed out the complex patterns and methodological problems in the conception of the constructs of impulsivity and religiousness in relation to alcohol consumption. Therefore, the aim of this research was to examine the relationship between religiousness, impulsivity and alcohol consumption among students in the Republic of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as gender differences in the mentioned constructs. The study included 923 participants, 738 females and 185 males. Instruments used in this research were Sociodemographic questionnaire, Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) (Patton et al., 1995), Religiosity Questionnaire (Ljubotina, 2004) and the Alcohol disorder identification questionnaire (AUDIT) (Babor et al., 2001). The analysis of the results suggest that male students showed higher results on AUDIT compared to female students and that no statistically significant differences were found between male and female students in regard to religiousness (total and individual dimensions) and in total impulsivity, as well as in the subscales Unplanning Impulsivity and Unstable attention, while at the same time male students scored higher on the Motor Impulsivity subscale compared to female students. Furthermore, a statistically significant low negative correlation was found between students' religiousness and impulsivity, and results also showed that impulsivity and religiousness together contribute to the percentage of explained variance in alcohol consumption. This implies that higher alcohol consumption is associated with higher impulsivity and lower level of religiosity