Introduction. Anesthesiology is a medical specialtythat deals with preanestethic preparation of the patient, anesthesia of patients during surgery and treatment of patients. Anesthesia includes procedures that cause insensitivity, a state of narcosis, suppression of reflexes and muscle relaxation. The beggining of anesthesiology in Croatia is when the doctor Ivan Bettini and his colleagues preformed the operation under ether anesthesia in Zadar. Aim and objective. Show and explain preanesthesia assessment of the patient and premedication Discussion. Preanesthesia assessment of the patient is carried out in anesthesiology ambulance. Iti s necessary to make a good preparation before anesthesia in order to avoid fear and pain, nausea, vominiting and stres in the patient. The anesthesiologist uses different methods such as talking to the patient, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics, risk assessment and premedication. The anesthesiologist, at the end of the assessment, should have as much informations as possible. Premedication is given differently for each patient depending on the patient's physical and mental condition, the type pf the procedure and anesthesia. It refers to the adjustment of the current chronic therapy and the prescription of drugs for analgesia, anxiolysiss and protection before surgery. Protection can be antibacterial, antiulcer, antiallergic and troboembolic. The main goals of premedication are to reduce fear, nausea, vomiting, increased secretion and the aspiratiom of gastric contents. Drugs for premedication are benzodiazepines, anticholinergics, antiemetics, analgetics and more others. Conclusion. Assessment of the patient before anesthesia is an indispensable part of anesthesiology. It is the first step and key step in order for the anesthesia process itself to be successful. Premedication brings us a lot of advantages for a safe introduction to anesthesia because it eliminates potential complications, but it also contributes to the patient's calmness and comfort, which is why it is a part of the preparation for surgery that cannot be forgotten.