Air quality is one of the important problems of modern society. The consequences of air pollution for people and the environment include an increased incidence of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, as well as acidification and eutrophication. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to reduce emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. Although maritime transport is the most favorable way of transporting people and goods from the point of view of environmental protection, it still emits large amounts of pollutants. Nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and floating particles have the greatest harmful effect on human health. Air pollution caused by maritime traffic, especially in ports, significantly affects the morbidity, mortality, and economic effects of local communities. The paper describes the harmful effects of substances emitted from ships on human health and the most important measures to reduce emissions. The role of nurses/technicians in the implementation of measures to mitigate the consequences of pollution is presented.