The dissertation consists of an introductory part, a main part with two longer chapters and a concluding part. In the main part, the main topic is the notion of causality in the works of Spinoza and Kant, with a closer look at the relation of this notion to the affects and to moral agency. Since this concept is an integral part of the theory of affects, the author has found it necessary to discuss the problems, questions and criticisms of its definition. The difference in Kant’s and Spinoza’s understanding of causality and the consequences of this difference are analysed. The aim of the work is to show, through an analysis of the role of feelings and their possible impact on the process of judgment and action, to what extent Spinoza's and Kant's views of the problem of causality are similar or different and for what reason, and what significance this has for their understanding of morality and freedom. The difference between Kant’s understanding of causality as used in the context of his transcendental philosophy and Spinoza’s employment of the notion of causality in the context of his rationalist approach to reality is most pronounced in their theories of knowledge. However, when it comes to the practical sphere, the paper argues that Spinoza’s and Kant’s understanding of causality is fundamentally similar. They agree that humans in practical action can be partial self - determining. With this, human beings are able to partially overcome various forms of external determination and can to this extent be regarded as free. The second subsection of the main part of the dissertation deals with the connection between affects, actions and judgment. The interpretation of the transformative process of liberation from passions using active affects explains the way in which certain affects play a very positive and significant role in judgment and cognition. Analysis of specific affects such as the feeling of respect for moral law, beauty and sublimeness, cordiality and nobility further confirms the agreement of Kant and Spinoza with regard to the interrelationship of affects and their influence on cognition and moral action. Emphasis is placed thereby on significant elements of rationality in these feelings. Spinoza's view of the mitigation of negative affects by means of positive active affects is seen in relationship to Kant's distinction between pathological and morally practical affects. The latter prove to be central for the development of aesthetic taste and judgment. In this, however, as I strive to show, Kant moves beyond Spinoza. The distinction between active, morally significant affects and passive, pathological affects implicitly indicates their hierarchy, and allows the possibility for affects and emotionality to play a positive role in moral action. The role of affects is thusshown to be indispensable in the constitution of human morality and judgment, which was one of the goals of the argument presented in my dissertation. The positive and rational role which affects may play in morality is central to the present study, taking its point of departure from the Spinoza's theory of affects and his view of the transformation of the passions. This is shown to be comparable to Kant's position regarding the feeling of moral respect, as well as the feeling of pleasure connected with the judgment of the beautiful and the sublime. By this comparison, is shown that both philosophers are in agreement regarding the means of overcoming negative affects, that is, in their conviction that it is only by an affect which is stronger that another affect can be overcome, and that such affects are stronger only insofar as they are more active and more closely related to the mind.