Gestational diabetes, or diabetes that is first diagnosed in women during pregnancy, is currently the most common metabolic disorder in pregnant women. It most often occurs in the second trimester of pregnancy as a direct consequence of insulin resistence, the appearance of which is potentiated by the hormones present in pregnancy, which are created by the placenta. Insulin resistence is a disorder of glucose metabolism when the peripheral effect of insulin, the main task of which is to facilitate the transfer of glucose from the blood to the target tissues, is weakened. The aforementioned disorder is manifested in the laboratory by the appearance of hyperglycemia. In proportion to the increase in glucose levels, the risk of unwanted outcomes which can have various long-term health consequences for both the mother suffering from gestational diabetes, and her child, also increases. In order to prevent the consequences, it is important to diagnose the disorder as early as possible and to take all necessary preventive and therapeutic measures. Given the importance of a medical and non-medical approach in the treatment of gestational diabetes, it is necessary to approach the care of pregnant women in a comprehensive and multidisciplinary manner, which implies joint work and the approach of different professional staff. Adequate medical therapy, adequate nutritional therapy and physical activity therapy will contribute to adequate monitoring and control of the condition. A pregnant woman’s diet should be varied, but balanced so that it contains the right ratio of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, and moderate and regular physical activity will contribute to maintaining circulation and mobility and many other benefits during pregnancy. Considering the frequency of gestational diabetes and the importance of comprehensive care for pregnant women with gestational diabetes, the goal of this paper is to present gestational diabetes and the possible consequences for the pregnant woman and child, and to describe the methods of medical treatment and other methods of treating pregnant women using professional papers and sources stated at the end of the paper.