According to the World Health Organization, obesity is defined as an excessive accumulation of fat that poses a health risk. There is currently an epidemic of obesity and overweight in the world, resulting in an increasing number of obese patients requiring anesthesia. Excess body mass negatively affects all organ systems and includes numerous anatomical and physiological changes in the body, which can lead to difficulties in the preoperative preparation of the patient, during the duration of anesthesia, and in the postoperative course and recovery of the patient. Obesity significantly affects the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal and endocrine systems, which is of great importance for the course of anesthesia. Proper preparation and planning of anesthesia through a detailed review of medical documentation, laboratory tests, interview with the patient, physical examination and premedication increases its safety. During anesthesia, the correct position of the obese patient, adequate maintenance of the airways, mechanical ventilation, monitoring of vital functions, ensuring hemodynamic stability and the choice, dose and administration of anesthetics are important. The early postoperative course requires increased monitoring of vital functions because complications such as atelectasis, increased risk of myocardial infarction, wound infection, urinary tract infection, peripheral nerve damage, and deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism may occur. Therefore, health professionals are required to have a good understanding of anatomical and pathophysiological changes in the body and their complications. Their good knowledge and understanding allows a safer course of anesthesia and a better result of treatment in obese patients. Therefore, obese patients require special attention when it comes to anesthesia care and monitoring. All members of the anesthesiology team significantly contribute to reducing the risk of complications and improving therapeutic success in obese patients.