The aim of this research work is to investigate more closely the relationship between metaphor and thought, the influence of metaphors on thought, the emergence and development of scientific theories, philosophical attitudes and everyday speech. The research basis of the work consists of two different theories of metaphor: Lakoff-Johnson's conceptual metaphor theory developed within the framework of cognitive science and linguistics and Bloomberg's absolute metaphor developed within the project of metaphorology. By critically analysing and interpreting the abovementioned theories, we have tried to present the basic theoretical achievements of conceptual theory and the project of metaphorology, to draw attention on the historical development of the theories, methodological assumptions and procedures for classifying metaphorical content present in thought and to point out the similarities, theoretical correspondences and differences between the two. In the research excursus, we have paid special attention to the emergence and development of key concepts of psychoanalysis, i.e. the influence of the figurative meaning on the formation of psychoanalytic terminology. The goal was to show that the key concepts of Freud's discovery of the unconscious are not without any metaphorical basis; on the contrary, the terminology in The Interpretation of Dreams, an innovative scientific reflection on psychological mechanisms, relies heavily on metaphor as an aid in shaping scientific terminology. In this research excursus we have also tried to indicate the inseparable permeation of metaphor and thought on examples of Sloterdijk's anthropotechnical conception of ascesis as an exercise, Nietzsche's conception of the development of thinking as a rhetorical activity conditioned by the metaphor, as well as the inseparable permeation of metaphor and thought in the examples of J.J.Rousseau and S. Zweig's autobiographical prose. Moreover, by critically interpreting the conceptual metaphor theory and the project of metaphorology, we have tried to point out how philosophical implications of certain theories affect man's position and place in the world. Depending on the methodological and theoretical predispositions, the anthropological view of man will also change. Metaphor theories are not philosophically neutral attitudes. Sensory-motor and cultural embodiment of conceptual theory results in the opposite understanding of man's role in historical, culturological and biophysical environment to the Bloomberg's project of metaphorology. Basing our ideas on Bloomberg's project of metaphorology, we have tried to point out the possible limitations and shortcomings of the cognitive metaphor theory. The neuro-linguistic approach to the phenomenon of metaphor certainly offers us a worthwhile insight into the conceptual structure of thought, however, it does not give a clear answer to the question why we are forced to rely on metaphors. Bloomberg's project of metaphorology vividly demonstrates the genesis of interpemeation of metaphor and thought in historical and contemporary sense. Metaphors, besides enabling us to speak about the literal use of language in unspeakable totalities of reality, also witness the boundaries of human knowledge as a constitutive element of cognition. Bloomberg's absolute metaphors correspond to man's absolute need to understand the whole life a meaningful interaction of man and world. Absolute metaphors are therefore paradigmatic foundations for understanding of divergent and fragmented aspects of experience as a whole that is permeated with meaning. The conceptual metaphor theory provides us with indispensable insights into cognitive dynamics of the interpenetration of metaphor and thought, but is not able to achieve philosophical universality and overcome the methodological limitations of cognitive linguistics. This research work has, therefore, tried to prove why the scientifically plausible theory of metaphor is unfounded and impossible without the philosophical anthropology, and thus at the same time favours Bloomberg's project of metaphorology over Lakoff-Johnson's conceptual metaphor theory.