The main focus of this paper is the competence of primary school teachers for teaching music classes and their attitudes regarding their own influence on the development of their students’ musical abilities. This paper will attempt to portray the importance of music for the primary school students of younger age, i.e., its influence on all the aspects of a student’s psychosocial-affective, cognitive, interactional and psycho-motoric development. Other matters discussed in this paper will be the music classes in primary schools and musical activities that occur during these classes. In accordance with recent research and literature available, competences for a successful primary teacher of a music class will be distinguished while giving a more detailed definition of the notion of musical abilities and a primary school teachers’ role in development of the aforementioned abilities. Musical education of future primary school will also be mentioned. The second part of this paper will display an empirical research which had the aim of analysing the opinions of the primary school teachers’ teaching different subjects regarding their own competence, course of study, frequency of musical activities, as well as their attitudes regarding influence on students’ musical abilities, problems they encounter and the ways they treat the students with underdeveloped musical abilities.