The first part refers to a closer definition of the epochs through which art passed and the most prominent philosophers and thinkers of that time, who in some way, be it deeds, words or theses, marked it forever. In the second part, the movements that marked the whole course of philosophy, the directions of rationalism and empiricism in relation to art, clash. The thoughts of the most prominent representatives of both beliefs and times are mentioned and processed, as well as the ways in which they contributed to the overall "artistic attitude" of their contemporaries. The third part deals more extensively with the work of the great Immanuel Kant and his criticism, which changed the view not only of philosophy and aesthetics, but also of the world, then Hegel as one of the most important philosophers and his thesis on the end of art and finally, the outlines of Marxism which influenced the entire social and economic development and created a new order, as we find in the world today in some areas. The last part of the paper deals with the definition of art according to Pareyson and the problem that arises if it is to be specified, and at the same time why this is not possible. Also, the aesthetic character of art, form and artistic matter are shown.