This paper deals with the problems of the beginning of the demographic transition and its further dynamic in the context of the modernization processes in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the territory of the Kingdom of Dalmatia. However the combination of unique and complex natural features, economic progress and social circumstances of each micro-level that give the totality of the observed space, are reflected in demographic trends whereby they did not occur uniformly and simultaneously in identical patterns and didn´t have the same consequences. The result is a mosaic of specific social trends, evoked by the contrast of the socio-economic and demographic trends of the island of Krapanj, analyzed on the basis of the Register of Baptized, Deceased and Married and available literature, in comparis on with the rest of the Kingdom of Dalmatia. The paper also deals with the consequences of the demographic transition in the form of emigration, and with their dynamics and prevalence carefully analyzing its causes. Particular attention is on the Austrian government, which through its policy of oppression, determined demographic trends and made huge emigratios. Therefore, the image of the Kingdom of Dalmatia was one of a province that was in the gap between the old values that still existed, making backward society and the new ones determined by modernization and technological advances coming from outside, but due to Austro-Hungarian interests and the uneducated local population systematically oppressed.