Vesicoureteral reflux is the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder to the upper parts of the urinary system. It is an anatomical and functional disorder, a congenital anomaly of the connection of the bladder with the urethra, and it is also a part of the generalized lower urinary system dysfunction. It is one of the most common anomalies of the urinary system and is found in 1% of otherwise healthy children, in 30-50% of children after symptomatic urinary tract infection and in 10-40% of newborns with prenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis. Vesicoureteral reflux associated with urinary tract infections can lead, via intrarenal reflux, to damage of the renal parenchyma, permanent scarring of the kidney, or reflux nephropathy. Late complications are hypertension, chronic renal failure, complications in pregnancy. Diagnostic methods are voiding cystoureterography, radionuclide cystography or ultrasound cystography. Treatment can be medical and used for lower grades of reflux, and surgical, endoscopic or operational for high grades of reflux. The endoscopic method is increasingly used due to the possibility of repeating the procedure and low invasiveness. The operational method is the most successful method of treating high degrees of reflux. There are intravesical and extravesical techniques that are used only when strictly indicated, with great success and few complications.