The main goal of this paper is to give an insight into the wide term of aphasia. The paper provides an overview of symptoms and syndromes of aphasia, along with providing the location of the damage in the brain that causes the specific case of aphasia. Paper starts with a brief introduction to one of the main contributors, who highlighted the importance of studying aphasia; Carl Wernicke and Paul Broca. Then the focus shifts onto the two main subtypes of aphasia, Broca’s and Wernicke’s aphasia, their most common syndromes: agrammatism and paragrammatism and their linguistic characteristics along with presenting some most accepted linguistic theories that try to provide a reasonable, consistent explanation of the cause and effect of these syndromes. Furthermore, some of the less researched, however still important aphasia syndromes are shortly presented. The volume of this paper is too small for the vastness of the subject matter, therefore, only the most prominent, basic elements are presented and analyzed.