The objective of this paper is to analyze the strategic, economic, and geopolitical significance of the Arctic, with a particular focus on climate change and its impact on the development of Arctic shipping routes. The Arctic region is gaining increasing importance due to the melting ice, which allows the opening of new maritime routes that can shorten travel between continents and enhance global trade, but also provoke geopolitical tensions among countries laying claims to these routes. The methodology is based on the analysis of available scientific sources, climate change data, and assessments of the economic and geopolitical implications of Arctic shipping routes. By reviewing literature, statistical data on the reduction of ice cover, and future scenario projections, the paper explores the potential and challenges of utilizing the Northern Sea Route, the Northwest Passage, the Arctic Bridge, and the Transpolar Route. Additionally, current geopolitical conflicts and unresolved territorial disputes that affect the future development of navigation in the Arctic are analyzed. The study reveals that climate change, through the reduction of ice in the Arctic, is enabling more accessible navigation on certain routes, shortening trade paths and increasing the profitability of global maritime traffic. The greatest potential benefit comes from the Northern Sea Route, which could reduce the travel time between Asia and Europe by several weeks. Although there are numerous advantages to using Arctic routes, including shorter distances and reduced fuel consumption, challenges such as the lack of infrastructure, unreliable ice conditions, and geopolitical tensions currently limit their full potential.