In the first part of the work, the theoretical framework covers the development of environmental theory throughout history, that is, how the approach to the environment has changed. Then, the development of environmental archaeology that followed through the application of a new approach in archaeology under the term processual archaeology, by Lewis Binford. In the second part of the work, four disciplines are presented that are used during environmental research in archaeology, namely geoarchaeology, palynology, archaeobotany and archaeozoology. Each discipline is described individually. What is it for and what research questions can it offer an answer to, how did the development of the discipline proceed, an insight into the methodology of work at the archaeological site and the processing of findings. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to present environmental archaeology as an important discipline within archaeology, which enables gaining an insight into the reconstruction of the environment and contributes to the understanding of the relationship between man and the environment through historical periods.