Throughout the history and development of psychology as a science, memory and the processes that influence memory processes have often been the focus of research. More recently, it has begun to consider the ways in which different external processes or skills can affect memory as such, and how certain skills affect memory processes. Chess is considered a cognitive game in which different cognitive abilities are used to achieve a better and better game. Among other things, research has shown that chess players have some cognitive abilities that are more pronounced and better developed than non-chess players, demonstrated when solving similar cognitive tasks. Recent research has shown that one of the possible explanations for better results when testing some abilities, for example shortterm memory, can be explained by the influence of expertise within the area of solving a certain task. Expertise within a field refers to extensive knowledge and experience that an individual has related to action and theorizing within that same field. The goal of this research was to determine the influence of expertise on working memory, manipulating the type of recall task in accordance with the expertise of the participants, in the case of this research - chess players and non-chess players. There were 36 subjects between the ages of 18 and 45 that took part in the test, solving the tasks of remembering chess positions and the task of remembering numbers, in which the number of their errors in remembering was measured. The obtained results indicate that there were no differences between chess players and non-chess players when solving the non-chess task, as well as no differences regarding the type of recall task in the group of non-chess players, while chess players showed significant differences in solving the tasks of recalling chess positions versus recalling numbers, where they performed better guessed chess positions. Also, a significant difference was obtained between chess players and non-players when solving the chess task, whereby chess players made fewer mistakes than non-players.