This paper is dealing with the issue of children's infectious diseases that are manifested by fever and rash. All children's infectious diseases characterized by fever and rash will be analyzed in detail. This includes infectious diseases caused by viruses and bacteria. Infectious diseases such as measles, rubella, erythema infectiosum, exanthema subitum, chicken pox, herpes zoster, herpes simplex virus infection, enterovirus infection and bacterial infectious diseases will be analyzed to see which diseases have the characteristics of contagiousness and which are indicated fever and rash. In addition to the above, we will also deal with preventive measures to prevent the occurrence and spread of these infectious diseases in children. Therefore, by describing, analyzing and problematizing children's infectious diseases with rashes and elevated body temperature, we will try to reach new and interesting conclusions related to this topic, connecting the fields of pediatrics and epidemiology.