Throughout the history of society, there are different forms of social inequality, one of which is a class inequality which encroaches in all spheres of social life and thus into the education system. The class system is characterized by a group of people with significant economic resources and is engaged in a prestigious profession. This work focuses on the research of the impact of class inequalities on the educational achievement. Relevant theories and approaches to the study of class inequalities in education are presented, focusing on the Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of cultural reproduction and cultural capital. According to the theory of cultural reproduction, the function of the education system is to transmit a culture of high classes that possesses the power to impose it and contributes to the maintenance of class inequalities under the guise of action in accordance with meritocratic principles. Also, the unequal distribution of cultural capital is the cause of class inequalities in education. Pupils who grew up in a higher class were raised and socialized in the ruling class that gave them an advantage in the education system. The work presents studies carried out in Croatia, whose authors were inspired by Bourdieu's concepts, which contribute to deeper insight into the impact of class inequalities on the education achievement.