During second half of 20th and in the 21st century, arterial hypertension is becoming one of the biggest public health problems, all around the globe, as much as in Croatia. Besides posing a basic predisposition of a myriad of literature-described cardiological and cardiovascular conditions, hypertension also carries a great risk of visual organ illnesses. Specific and intensely ramified microvasculature of the eye is exceptionally sensitive to even most minimal variations in pressure span and thin endothelial walls of the ocular blood vessels, although very elastic, suffer reduced efficacy of their functions under continuously elevated pressure. Moreover, the eye is an organ comprised of several fluid-filled spaces, whose presence maintains its shape and function, and elevated blood pressure consequently causes a pressure increase in those chambers. Pathophysiological mechanisms of this type undoubtedly lead to diseases and pathological conditions; hypertensive retinopathy and choroidopathy, micro- and macroaneurysms, retinal haemorrhages, optic neuropathy, central and branch retinal vein occlusion, retinal-arteriolar emboli, glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration are just some of the many. Besides, clinical trials have proven a correlation between most of mentioned pathological conditions of eye vasculature and an increased risk of the onset of stroke, ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction. As the retinal artery is clinically presented and visualised fairly simply using non-invasive methods, most of its pathologic structural changes have a potential in becoming an exceptionally useful clinical marker for cardiovascular diseases in early stages of development. Furthermore, it is proven that proper and timely therapy of hypertension has an impactful effect in risk reduction and prevention of many pathological conditions and diseases of the eye that are merely connected to regular eye vasculature function and osmotic balance of bodily fluids. As the eye is responsible for over 90% of total amount of sensory information that we use to perceive the world, it is more than clear why the eye is thought of as the most important of all senses. Considering that impairment or loss of vision are often inevitable consequences of most of the pathological conditions related to the eye, I believe that simple and non-invasive methods of health examinations, such as blood pressure level controls and eye vasculature inspection, are extremely important procedures and it wouldn’t hurt to dedicate more attention to those in education of public and raise importance of prevention measures for a healthy and conscious life.