| Sažetak | Mišljenje se prema dvoprocesnoj teoriji sastoji od kontroliranog i automatskog procesa
obrade informacija. Luchinsov zadatak s posudama može se objasniti tom teorijom
pomoću procesa mehanizacije, tj. prijelaza s namjernih na djelomično nesvjesne mentalne
aktivnosti. Einstellung efekt pojava je kod rješavanja problema da ponovljeno rješavanje
zadataka istim načinom može onemogućiti rješavanje novim načinom rješavanja. Cilj
istraživanja bio je ispitati efekte broja usmjeravajućih zadataka (0, 4 i 10) na procjene
težine, vrijeme i način rješavanja zadataka s posudama. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 29
žena i 31 muškarac (N=60). Ispitanicima se pomoću računalnog programa mjerilo vrijeme
rješavanja zadataka nakon čega su procjenjivali težinu svakog zadatka, a način rješavanja
zadataka kodiran je nakon svih prikupljenih rezultata. Vrijeme rješavanja i procjene težine
zadataka nisu se razlikovali s obzirom na broj usmjeravajućih zadataka. U kontrolnoj
skupini bilo je manje ispitanika s težim i više s lakšim načinom rješavanja zadataka, dok je
iz skupine s deset usmjeravajućih zadataka bilo više ispitanika s težim i manje s lakšim
načinom rješavanja zadataka. U prvom kritičnom zadatku nije postojala razlika u vremenu
rješavanja s obzirom na način rješavanja zadatka, ali u drugom su ispitanici s lakšim bili
brži od ispitanika s težim načinom rješavanja zadataka. Procjene težine zadataka nisu se
razlikovale s obzirom na način rješavanja zadataka, ali bile su više za sporije, a niže za
brže rješavanje zadataka. Vrijeme rješavanja zadataka skratilo se između prvog i svih
zadataka osim drugog, trećeg i devetog, drugog i svih zadataka osim trećeg, sedmog i
devetog te trećeg i osmog zadatka, a između osmog i devetog zadatka vrijeme rješavanja se
produljilo. Procjene težine zadataka smanjile su se između prvog i svih zadataka osim
drugog i sedmog, drugog i svih zadataka, trećeg i osmog te petog i osmog zadatka. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | According to dual-process theory, thinking is composed of controlled and automatic
information process. Luchins' water jar task is an example, for it can elicit the process of
mechanization, or transformation from deliberate to partially unconscious mental activities.
Einstellung effect is a problem solving phenomenon which blocks participants' perception
of new method of task solving after repeated solving of tasks by the same method. The
goal of research was to examine the effects of number of priming tasks (0, 4 and 10) on the
assessments of difficulty, solving time and method of solving of jar tasks. 29 women and
31 men (N=60) participated in the research. Time of task solving was measured by
computer program. Participants assessed task difficulty after every task. After all the
results were collected, method of task solving was coded. Solving time and the
assessments of task difficulty did not differ in relation to number of priming tasks. There
were fewer participants with harder, and more with easier method of task solving in control
group, while there were more participants with harder and fewer with easier method of task
solving in group with ten priming tasks. There was no difference in solving time in relation
to method of task solving in the first critical task, but participants with easier method were
faster than those with harder method of task solving in the second task. The assessments of
task difficulty did not differ in relation to method of task solving, but were higher for
slower, and lower for faster task solving. Time of task solving shortened between first and
all tasks, except second, third and ninth, second and all tasks, except third, seventh and
ninth, and third and eighth task, while it prolonged between eighth and ninth task.
Assessments of task difficulty lowered between first and all tasks, except second and
seventh, second and all tasks, third and eighth, and fifth and eighth task. |
