This undergraduate thesis reviews inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which is one of the most common diseases in today's western world. Crohn's disease affects any part of the digestive system from the mouth to the anus. It is manifested by abdominal pain, diarrhea and weight loss. The disease is caused by environmental, genetic and bacteriological factors. It is not an autoimmune disease but an immunodeficiency condition can occur. The diagnosis is made on the basis of patient's anamnesis, biopsy and examination of the intestinal wall. There is no medicine or surgery to cure Crohn's disease, but medical personnel strives to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications for as long as possible. Ulcerative colitis refers to inflammation that most commonly affects the colon and rectum. Symptoms occur intermittently, and they are usually presented as abdominal pain and diarrhea mixed with blood. The cause of this disease is unknown, but according to some theories it can be caused by some genetic factors and disorders of the immune system. Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease is divided into pharmacological treatment, non-pharmacological treatment and surgical treatment. Pharmacological treatment includes the use of drugs such as aminosalicylates, sulfasalazine and corticosteroids. When we talk about non-pharmacological treatment, we mainly refer to dietary regimens of patients, while surgical treatment refers to surgical procedures in the event of complications caused by these diseases. Especially in this thesis, attention was paid to ostomy and the adjustment of patients to life with a stoma and the role of medical staff in all phases of treatment of patients. Psychological preparation of patients is also very important because often they are people of younger age groups, and the treatment process is long and sometimes exhausting.