| Sažetak | Ovaj rad temelji se na negativnim posljedicama turizma koje imaju utjecaj na društvo i okoliš. Na početku je potrebno definirati pojmove poput turizma i turista i njihova višestruka značenja. Također se navodi njihovo podrijetlo. Zatim je riječ o turističkom mjestu i destinaciji, konkretnom geografskom prostoru čije karakteristike privlače turiste. Definira se podjela turističkih mjesta prema njima. Turistička destinacija je krajnja lokacija turističke potrošnje i postoje nekoliko njenih uvriježenih definicija. Nakon toga govori se o njenom razvoju koji ima nekoliko faza. U trećem poglavlju obrađuju se tematika i problem ovog rada. Pomnije je sagledano nekoliko najčešćih negativnih društvenih utjecaja turizma. Prvi s kojim se u radu susrećemo je konflikt turista i domaćina koji je uzrokovan njegovim ponašanjem dok je na odmoru. Novonastalo ponašanje je posljedica novousvojenog identiteta turista koji mu omogućava slobodnije ponašanje. Ono što ga u tome privlači je anonimnost koju to nudi. Za vrijeme turističkog putovanja mijenja se i ponašanje lokalnog stanovništva, ponajviše zbog razlike uloga, odnosno činjenice da je turist na odmoru, dok lokalno stanovništvo mora raditi. Ono se usprkos tome trudi u najboljem svjetlu prikazati destinaciju i njenu populaciju, iako to nekad nije istina. Sljedeći problem je autentičnost, postavlja se pitanje koliko su turist i destinacija autentični u svijetu u kojem svatko originalnost percipira drugačije. Prema mnogim autorima glavni krivci negativnih učinaka su masovni i kulturni turizam. Zbog njih najviše „pati“ priroda jer je ona glavna kulisa aktivnosti koje se izvode. Njena vrijednost kao atrakcije smanjuje se štetnim učincima. Često se kaže da turizam uništava turizam. Raskorak između ekološkog ponašanja i svijesti je sve veći. Divljina sve češće postaje kultivirani krajolik što utječe na promjenu klime. Jedan od najočitijih aspekata turizma jest njegova sezonalnost. Glavni proizvod je „sunce i more“ koji je moguće ponuditi turistima samo nekoliko mjeseci godišnje. Što se tiče uvjeta za rad, najčešće su nepovoljni u usporedbi s nekim drugim djelatnostima. Zadnji aspekt obrađen u ovom radu je kriminal, tj. nemoral. Istraživanja su pokazala da se na kriminalna djela prema turistima nerijetko gleda olako jer se njih smatra bogatima, stoga šteta nije velika, što naravno nije istina. Takvo razmišljanje je posljedica stereotipizacije turista. Drugi, pak, smatraju da su sami krivi ukoliko im se dogodi nešto loše tijekom putovanja jer ne znaju dovoljno o destinaciji i populaciji i zalaze na kriva mjesta u krivo vrijeme. Turizam se usko vezuje i uz porast prostitucije i kockanja iako se to, naravno, ne događa isključivo radi njegovog razvoja. Problem kod kockanja je jednostavan: često je povezan s političkom korupcijom i organiziranim kriminalom. Na kraju obrade glavne teme riječ je o ubojstvima turista. Na sreću, u Hrvatskoj nisu česta, a u najviše slučajeva počinitelji su također turisti. Suvremeni problemi u turizmu tiču se kontroverznih pitanja. Najveća kontroverza je ustvari odrediti koliko je turizam zapravo koristan. Njegove pozitivne posljedice se isključivo svode na ekonomski boljitak zajednice i rijetki bi ga se odrekli. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | This paper is based on the negative consequences of tourism that impact both society and the environment. At the beginning, it's necessary to define terms such as tourism and tourists and their multiple meanings. Their origin is also stated. Then we have the terms tourist place and destination, a specific geographical area whose characteristics attract tourists. The division of tourist places according to them is defined. A tourist destination is the final location of tourist consumption and there are several mainstream definitions. After that, we talk about its development, which has several stages. The third chapter deals with the topic and problem of this paper. Several of the most common negative social impacts of tourism are examined more closely. The first one we encounter is the conflict between tourists and hosts caused by their behavior while on vacation. The newly created behavior is a consequence of the newly adopted identity of the tourist, which enables him to behave more freely. What draws him in this is the anonymity it offers. During a tourist trip, the behavior of the local population also changes, mostly due to the difference in roles, i.e. the fact that the tourist is on vacation, while the local population has to work. Nevertheless, it strives to portray the destination and its population in the best light, event if that's not the truth. The next problem is authenticity, the question arises as to how authentic the tourist and destination are in a world where everyone perceives originality differently. According to many authors, the main culprits of the negative effects are mass and cultural tourism. Because of them, nature "suffers" the most because it's the main backdrop for the activities that are performed. Its value as an attraction decreases with detrimental effects. It is often said that tourism destroys tourism. The gap between environmental behavior and awareness is widening. Wilderness is increasingly becoming a cultivated landscape which is affecting climate change. One of the most obvious aspects of tourism is its seasonality. The main product it offers is "sun and sea" which can be offered to tourists only a few months a year. As for working conditions, they are most often unfavorable compared to some other activities. The last aspect addressed in this paper is crime, i.e. immorality. Research has shown that crimes against tourists are often taken lightly because they're considered rich, so the damage is not that big, which of course isn't true. Such way of thinking is a consequence of the stereotyping of tourists. Others, elseway, feel that they are guilty if something bad happens to them during the trip because they don't know enough about the destination and population and go to the wrong places at the wrong time. Tourism is closely linked to the rise of prostitution and gambling, although this, of course, doesn't happen solely because of its development. The problem with gambling is simple: it's often linked to political corruption and organized crime. In conclusion, we talk about the murders of tourists. Fortunately, they are not common in Croatia, and in most cases the perpetrators are also tourists. Contemporary problems in tourism concern controversial issues. The biggest controversy is actually determining how useful tourism actually is. Its positive consequences are exclusively narrowed down to the economic prosperity of the community and few would give it up. |
