The aim of this thesis is the comparison of Croatian and Russian idioms with a body part component. In order to compare, firstly, it is necessary to analyze the idioms. The thesis analyzes idioms with a somatic component as one of the most numerous corpuses in the phraseology of both languages. Since the more visible organs are more represented among somatic phrases, this paper analyzes idioms with a component such as head, eyes, arms, legs, and heart - the only internal organ among the analyzed material. The work is divided into two parts. The first part of the paper explains the term phraseology as well as its basic unit - idioms, and provides a theoretical framework, more precisely, the definition of phraseology, and thus the idiom, its description, origin and classification. The second part of the paper deals with the analysis of the semantic and syntactic aspects, more precisely, the Russian idioms are predetermined by phraseological meaning, origin and motivation. In addition, their respective Croatian equivalents, i.e. the phonemes that coincide in semantic meaning, are presented in the thesis. Given the Slavic roots and the fact that Croatian phraseology developed under the influence of Russian, the vast majority of the phrases fully correspond and appear as word conjunctions.