The paper deals with postcolonial reading of Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s novel Weep Not, Child. The focus of the analysis is on the issues related to the Kenyan postcolonial context, such as the role of language in the formation of identity, the importance of land in the culture of native people, the role of education in the socio-economic development and the position of women in traditional Kikuyu society. The analysis leads to the conclusion that language is not only a means of communication but also serves as an important symbol of identity and tradition. Language is also important in the formation of identity, especially through the process of education and its impact on native people. Land occupies the central position in the culture of the Kikuyu people and the link between people and land is what encourages the natives to resist the colonial rule. Land ownership and land dispossession influence the construction of different socio-economic classes in Kenya. Education contributes to the socio-economic development of the country (the increase of literacy, higher salaries, etc.), but also serves as a tool for the imposition of colonial rules. Women in the novel are presented as bearers of small village economies in the system of a gender-based division of labour. Women in traditional Kikuyu family, as Neal Sobania states, are responsible for education of their children, which is a very important duty.