The thesis presents results of a research that focused on relations between Neolithic communities of Benkovac area and their natural surroundings. The surrounding was the main determinant of all segments of life and survival strategies in the Neolithic. Neolithic communities have skilfully adapted to their natural surroundings already in the early Neolithic by forming a behavioural pattern attuned to ambiental characteristics and natural potentials of Benkovac scenery, the scenery which did not change until the end of the Neolithic. That pattern consists of cyclic exploration of optimal micro-locations situated in valleys which stretch out between low karst furrows. Optimal micro-location implies close proximity and easy access to existentially critical resources: water, fertile soils suitable for agriculture, grasslands for cattle pasture, clay deposits, firewood and wood used as a construction material. Basically, periodical change of environment but not the ambient is an expression of adaptability whose basic assumption is preservation of stability of life in the zone of community’s economic interest. Among numerous factors which directly affect stability (continuance) of life on a certain location in the Neolithic, economic strategies are the most important factor. Indubitably, they demand periodical abandonment of used plots of land and using of new ones. Based on available data, it is a regional trend which has been accepted by other Neolithic communities situated on areas of northern and middle Dalmatia. Without a doubt, the wider Benkovac area is possible to point out as an extremely valuable Neolithic settlement zone of the Eastern Adriatic, but also as a territory which conceals answers to numerous, still unanswered, questions related to the issues of the Neolithic of the Eastern Adriatic area.