Ever since ancient times, the world's most evident problem has been the lack of food. The solution to the situation where people's needs for food can not be met by natural sources is found in aquatic organisms, especially marine ones, considering that some cultures have their diet largely based on marine organisms. That is why it is not surprising that the phenomenon of aquaculture activity was first noted in China, affecting then the area of the Mediterranean, England and America. After the appearance in the world, the phenomenon of aquaculture is also noted on the Croatian territory, where today, together with mariculture as its integral part makes manufacturing sector that has recorded the fastest growth in recent years. Like a thousand years ago, the main focus is on the cultivation of shellfish, especially oysters and mussels, and the long tradition of fish farming is nowadays related to species such as sea bass, gilthead sea bream and bluefin tuna. For their development and survival, certain conditions, as well as the knowledge of biology of breeding species, are required in order to provide nearly the same conditions as in their natural habitats. In the case of irresponsible farming management, there may be many negative effects on the environment, but also on species. Avoiding such effects, among other positive things, contributes to the further development of mariculture, with an emphasis on ecological mariculture and the importance of ensuring that the future generations are not limited to enjoy the same cultivated goods enjoyed by the current generations.