| Abstract | Doktorskim radom obrađena je i kritički vrednovana primjena tipologije stambenog tornja unutar stambene izgradnje Rijeke nakon Drugoga svjetskoga rata. U uvodnom dijelu dana je definicija i povijesni razvoj tipologije u 20. stoljeću na svjetskim primjerima, potom pregled korištenih stambenih modela u Rijeci i Sušaku od 1800. do 1945. godine, s naglaskom na visinski rast gradova, a središnji dio rada prezentirao je poslijeratni razvoj po fazama zakonodavno-financijskih okvira stambenih politika i oscilacijama odnosa prema visokoj stambenoj izgradnji. Istraživanje je pokazalo da se društvena stanogradnja Rijeke od kraja 1950-ih do početka 1980-ih godina strateški oslanjala na projektiranje i izvedbu brojnih varijanti stambenih tornjeva, od nižih solitera do realizacija iznimne katnosti u hrvatskim (i jugoslavenskim) okvirima. Stambeni tornjevi prepoznati su kao najizrazitiji arhitektonskourbanistički fenomen Rijeke iz socijalističkog razdoblja koji je obilježio vizualni identitet grada. Identifikacija protagonista, dionica i rezultata „neboderizacije“ Rijeke potvrdila je hipotezu da je riječki visinski iskorak bio višestruko uvjetovan društveno-političkim zahtjevima masovne stanogradnje i prostorno-topografskim restrikcijama riječkog područja te pripremljen prethodnim iskustvima u visokoj stambenoj i javnoj gradnji od kraja 19. stoljeća nadalje. Istraživanje se temeljilo na arhivskom gradivu (građevinski fondovi i dokumenti javne uprave), sekundarnim izvorima (stručna i dnevna periodika, komunalni vjesnici, građevinski propisi i pravilnici) i terenskom radu, a primijenjeni znanstveni postupci uključivali su inventarizaciju građevina, metodu analize, tj. kritičke raščlambe arhitektonskih djela te historiografsku metodu istraživanja šireg povijesnog, ekonomskog i društvenokulturnog konteksta. Stambene visokokatnice interpretirane su i valorizirane kao arhitektonski artefakti, ali i čimbenici oblikovanja identiteta gradskih četvrti i istaknutih urbanih vizura. Znanstveni doprinos disertacije očituje se u upotpunjenju spoznaja o hrvatskoj stanogradnji druge polovine 20. stoljeća, naročito stručnom i društvenom odnosu prema visokoj stambenoj izgradnji, a rezultati istraživanja mogu poslužiti i kao temelj za formalnopravnu registraciju najrelevantnijih objekata u svrhu zaštite ovog identitetsko-baštinskog sloja urbanog krajolika Rijeke, kao i informiranju suvremene arhitektonske prakse u kategoriji kolektivnog stanovanja. |
| Abstract (english) | The doctoral dissertation critically analyses and values the implementation of the housing tower typology in the context of Rijeka’s post-WWII housing construction. The definition and the historical development of the housing tower typology through the 20th century, described using world-wide examples, is presented in the introduction, followed by the overview of the housing models used in Rijeka and Sušak from 1800 to 1945, with an emphasis on the vertical growth of both cities. The central part of the thesis presents the post-WWII housing development in Rijeka, according to the shifts in legislative and financial framework of Yugoslav state housing policies, and the changing sentiments towards high-rise housing formulas. The research showed that the social housing sector in Rijeka from the end of the 1950s to the beginning of the 1980s strategically relied on the design and construction of many variations of the housing tower type, from the middle-rise solitaries to the very high housing blocks that rivaled anything produced in other Yugoslav cities. The housing towers are recognized to be the most pronounced architectural and urban phenomenon in Rijeka’s development in the socialist period, that left a significant mark on the town’s visual identity. The identification of the protagonists, phases, and results of this “towerisation” of Rijeka confirmed the preliminary hypotheses that the vertical rise of Rijeka during the post-WWII decades was conditioned by multiple factors: the political and social demands of mass housing production, the spatial and topographical constrictions of Rijeka’s territory, and was prepared by the previous experiences in high housing and public architecture dating from the end of the 19th century forward. The conducted research was based on archival materials (building and administration records), secondary sources (professional journals, daily newspapers, municipal magazines, building laws and regulations), and field work. The applied scientific methodology included building up a catalogue of realized multi-housing projects, the architectural analyses of the buildings, and the historiographical research of the wider historical, economic, social, and cultural context. The high-rise housing projects were interpreted and valued as architectural artefacts, but also important contributors in defining the identity of certain housing neighbourhoods and urban vistas. The scientific contribution is manifest in the broadening of the knowledge of the postWWII Croatian housing architecture, particularly the professional and public opinions and attitudes towards high-rise housing typologies. The dissertation’s findings could provide the foundation for the formal registration and protection of the architecturally most successful 425 examples of housing towers in Rijeka, and the city’s socialist era heritage in the process, and could also usefully inform contemporary architectural practices in the field of collective housing. |
