| Abstract | Temeljni je cilj nastave TZK-e usvajanje i usavršavanje motoričkih vještina, navika i znanja kod djece te poticanje pravilnog rasta i razvoja kao temelj njihovog zdravlja. Uz pomoć tjelesne aktivnosti učenik razvija svoja morfološka obilježja, motoričke i funkcionalne sposobnosti, a kako bi dobili što točniju procjenu učenikova efekta rada, iznimno je važno pratiti i provjeravati kinantropološka obilježja učenika tokom cijele godine koristeći inicijalno, tekuće, periodično i finalno provjeravanje. Cilj je ovog rada bio procijeniti napredak u kinantropološkim obilježjima učenika tijekom jedne školske godine usporedivši ih s normativnim vrijednostima s obzirom na dob učenika, utvrditi značajnost razlika između inicijalnog i finalnog mjerenja kinantropoloških obilježja učenika te procijeniti značajnost razlika u kinantropološkim obilježjima učenika s obzirom na spol, status uhranjenosti i uključenost u izvanškolsku sportsku aktivnost. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 39 učenika (16 učenika i 23 učenice) dviju zadarskih osnovnih škola. Za procjenu kinantropoloških obilježja učenika u ovom istraživanju primijenjeno je 9 varijabli. Kako bi se procijenila njihova određena morfološka obilježja, učenicima se izmjerila tjelesna visina i tjelesna masa temeljem kojih se izračunao indeks tjelesne mase (Body mass index, BMI) kao pokazatelj stupnja uhranjenosti učenika. Nadalje, za procjenu motoričkih sposobnosti učenika korištena je standardizirana baterija testova kojom se procijenila brzina, eksplozivna snaga odraza, koordinacija, repetitivna snaga i fleksibilnost učenika. Također, izmjeren je F'3 test kojim se procijenila funkcionalna sposobnost učenika. Rezultati su istraživanja pokazali da su učenici uznapredovali u kinantropološkim obilježjima tijekom jedne školske godine. Također, t-testom je utvđeno da ne postoje statistički značajne razlike u kinantropološkim obilježjima učenika s obzirom na spol (osim u varijabli pretklon raznožno u kojoj su učenice postigle bolje rezultate), ali postoje statistički značajne razlike između učenika koji se bave izvanškolskim tjelesnim aktivnostima i onih učenika koji ne sudjeluju u izvanškolskim tjelesnim aktivnostima (učenici koji sudjeluju u sportskim aktivnostima izvan škole ostvaruju bolje rezultate). Nadalje, rezultati su istraživanja pokazali da postoji statistički značajna razlika između učenika normalne tjelesne mase i onih učenika s prekomjernom tjelesnom masom. Naime, učenici koji su normalno uhranjeni postižu bolje rezultate u većini varijabli prilikom mjerenja. Provedeno istraživanje je ukazalo da dolazi do značajnog napretka u pojedinim kinantropološkim obilježjima tijekom jedne školske godine, posebno kod onih učenika koji u svoje slobodno vrijeme prakticiraju sportske aktivnosti |
| Abstract (english) | The fundamental goal of PE classes is the acquisition and improvement of children's motor skills, habits and knowledge, as well as encouraging proper growth and development as the basis of their health. With the help of physical activity, the student develops his morphological characteristics, motor and functional abilities. In order to get the most accurate assessment of the student's work effect, it is extremely important to monitor and check the kinanthropological characteristics of the student throughout the year using initial, ongoing, periodic and final checking. The aim of this paper was to assess the progress in the kinanthropological characteristics of students during one school year by comparing them with normative values with regard to the age of the students, to determine the significance of the differences between the initial and final measurement of the kinanthropological characteristics of students, and to assess the significance of the differences in the kinanthropological characteristics of students with regard to gender, nutritional status and involvement in extracurricular sports. The research was conducted on a sample of 39 students (16 male and 23 female students) from two elementary schools in Zadar. Nine variables were used to assess the kinanthropological characteristics of students in this research. In order to assess their specific morphological characteristics, the students' height and body mass were measured, based on which the body mass index (BMI) was calculated as an indicator of the student's level of nutrition. Furthermore, a standardized battery of test was used to assess the students' motor skills, which examined the students' speed, explosive reflex power, coordination, repetitive strength, and flexibility. Also, the F'3 test was measured, which assessed the students' functional ability. The results of the research showed that the students improved in kinanthropological characteristics during one school year. It was also determined by the t-test that there are no statistically significant differences in the kinanthropological characteristics of students with regard to gender, except in the variable standing forward bend, in which female students achieved better results. However, there are statistically significant differences between students who are physically active outside of school and those students who do not participate in extracurricular physical activities, showing that students who play sports outside of school achieve better results. Furthermore, the results of the research showed that there is a statistically significant difference between students who belong to normal range BMI and those who are overweight. Those students who belong to the group of normal range BMI achieve better results in most variables during measurement. The conducted research proved that there is significant progress in certain kinanthropological characteristics during one school year, especially among those students who additionally engage in a certain kinesiology activity in their free time. |
