| Sažetak | Arijanizam je bio kršćanska hereza nastala u 4. stoljeću poslije Krista iz učenja libijskog svećenika Arija. Srž Arijevog i učenja njegovih sljedbenika je ta da Sin, Isus nije istobitan i jednak Bogu Ocu čime se udarilo na jednu od najosnovnijih kršćanskih dogma, a to je dogma o jednom Bogu i tri potpuno jednake božanske osobe. Ovaj pokret je unio nemir kako u Crkvu tako i u već tada opterećeno Carstvo kojeg su razdirali unutarnji nemiri i vanjske prijetnje. Arijevo i učenje njegovih sljedbenika je prvo osudio aleksandrijski biskup Petar što je rezultiralo ekskomunikacijom Arija i njegovih istomišljenika. Nastala je velika podjela unutar Istočne crkve, a sve je rezultiralo Prvim ekumenskim koncilom u Niceji održanim 325. godine na kojem je Arijevo učenje proglašeno herezom. Arije je ponovno ekskomuniciran nakon što je u međuvremenu prihvaćen natrag, ali to nije spriječilo širenje njegovih ideja. Nakon smrti cara Konstantina 337. godine i dolaskom na vlast proarijanskog Konstancija II. arijanizam je doživio svoj vrhunac. U ovom radu se sukladno tome obrađuje važnost i sam utjecaj teoloških pitanja na već ionako tešku političku situaciju Rimskog Carstva. Nakon desetljeća sporova i mnogobrojnih održanih sinoda, u koje je bila uključena i zapadna strana Carstva na kojeg je arijanski spor ostavio dubok trag u vidu postavljanja caru podobnih biskupa, pape i produbljivanja jaza s Istokom, na vlast je došao car Teodozije koji saziva Drugi ekumenski koncil održan 381. godine u Carigradu na kojem je ponovno osuđen arijanizam i donesena nova vjeroispovijest nazvana Nicejsko-carigradska koju dan danas baštini najveći dio kršćanske Crkve. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Arianism was a Christian heresy founded in the 4th century, and based on the teachings of a Libyan priest Arius. The essence of the teachings of Arius and of his followers is that the Son, Jesus, is not identical and equal to God the Father, which was a big strike on one of the most basic Christian dogmas, and that is the dogma of one God and three completely equal divine persons. This movement brought unrest to both the Church and the already burdened Roman Empire, which was torn apart by internal unrest and external threats. Arius and teaching of his followers was firstly condemned by a bishop Peter of Alexandria, which resulted in the excommunication of Arius. A great division arose within the Eastern Church, and it all resulted in the First Ecumenical Council of Nicea held in 325 AD during which the teachings of Arius were declared heresy. After he was accepted back in the Church, he was once again excommunicated, but his ideas continued to spread. After the death of emperor Constantine in the year 337 AD, and the rise to power of new, pro-Arius emperor Constantius II, Arianism reached its peak. Accordingly, this paper deals with the importance and influence of theological events on difficult political situations in the Empire. After decades of disputes and numerous synods, which also included the western part of the Empire, which was deeply scarred by these conflicts, both by the placement of obedient bishops or popes and by deepening of the gap between East and West, emperor Theodosius came to power and assembled the Second Ecumenical Council held in 381 in Constantinople, where again Arianism was condemned and a new creed, called Nicene-Constantinople creed was accepted. To this day, most of the Church inherits this religion. |
