| Abstract | Današnje društvo se sve više kreće prema 24/7 obliku u kojem sve veći broj usluga postaje dostupno kontinuirano, nevezano za doba dana i vikende. To može voditi promjenama u kvaliteti života. Cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitati odnos različitih obrazaca smjenskog rada (duljinu smjena i brzinu rotacija) na društveni i obiteljski život, mentalno zdravlje i psihološku dobrobit smjenskih radnika. Uzorak se sastojao od 104 sudionika, odnosno 65 muškaraca (62,5%) i 39 žena (37,5%) prosječne dobi od 38,58 godina (SD=11,58), raspona od 23 do 64 godine. Kako bi se prikupili odgovarajući podaci korištene su sljedeće skale: Skala interferencije radnog vremena s društvenim i obiteljskim životom – skala prilagođena za potrebe ovog istraživanja, sastavljena od dijela čestica iz SSI (Standard Shiftwork Index; Barton i sur., 1995) i čestica iz skale NOR 1-9 (Skala negativnih efekata organizacije radnog vremena; Šimunić, 2008), Skala interferencije radnog vremena s obavljanjem formalnih poslova – skala prilagođena za potrebe ovog istraživanja, sastavljena od dijela čestice iz SSI (Standard Shiftwork Index; Barton i sur., 1995), Skala SF-36; subskale Mentalno zdravlje i Vitalnost (Ware i sur., 1992; prema Maslić-Seršić i Vuletić, 2006), Zadovoljstvo poslom, Zadovoljstvo radnim vremenom te kratki Upitnik sociodemografskih podataka sastavljen za potrebe ovog istraživanja. Dobiveno je kako ne postoji razlika u interferenciji radnog vremena s obiteljskim i društvenim životom i obavljanjem formalnih poslova s obzirom na dužinu radnog dana. Međutim, utvrđen je značajan, iako slab efekt (դ 2=0.05) trajanja radnog dana unutar pojedine smjene na procijenjeno mentalno zdravlje sudionika. Smjer razlika upućuje na negativnije efekte 12-satnog radnog vremena u odnosu na osmosatno radno vrijeme. Naime sudionici koji rade 12 sati dnevno svoje mentalno zdravlje procjenjuju lošijim od sudionika kojima radni dan traje osam sati, ipak oni su značajno (դ 2=0.08) zadovoljniji svojim radnim vremenom od sudionika kojima radni dan traje osam sati. Također utvrđen je značajan velik efekt brzine rotacije smjena na sve ispitivane varijable. Govoreći o interferenciji radnog vremena s društvenim i obiteljskim životom i obavljanjem formalnih poslova sve se grupe smjenskih radnika koje rade u smjenama s različitom brzinom razlikuju. Radno vrijeme najmanje interferira kod radnika čije se smjene rotiraju svakih šest dana, a najviše kod smjenskih radnika čije se smjene rotiraju svaka tri dana. Procijenjeno mentalno zdravlje i vitalnost sudionika ne razlikuje se između grupe sudionika koji se rotiraju svaka dva dana i grupe sudionika koji se rotiraju svaka tri dana, ali je značajno lošije u obje te grupe nego u grupi čije se smjene rotiraju svakih šest dana. Utvrđen je značajan relativno snažan efekt rotacije smjena na zadovoljstvo poslom i radnim vremenom, pri čemu su najzadovoljniji poslom oni radnici s sporijim rotacijom smjena (svakih šest dana), a nasuprot tome najzadovoljniji radnim vremenom su oni radnici s najbržom rotacijom smjena (svaka dva dana). |
| Abstract (english) | There has been a growing trend towards a 24/7 society, with many services available at all hours, seven days a week. This can lead to changes in terms of quality of life. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of different patterns of shift work (length of shifts and speed of rotation) on the social and family life, mental health and psychological well-being of shift workers. The sample consisted of 104 participants, i.e. 65 men (62.5%) and 39 women (37.5%) with an average age of 38.58 years (SD=11.58), ranging from 23 to 64 years old. In order to collect relevant data, the following scales were used: Scale of Interference of Working Time with Social and Family Life – a scale adapted for the needs of this research, composed of part of the particles from the SSI (Standard Shiftwork Index; Barton et al., 1995) and particles from the scale NOR 1-9 (Scale of Negative Effects of Working Time Organization; Šimunić, 2008), Scale of Interference of Working Time with the Performance of Formal Tasks – a scale adapted for the needs of this research, composed of a part of the particle from the SSI (Standard Shiftwork Index; Barton et al., 1995) ), SF-36 Scale; subscales Mental Health and Vitality (Ware et al., 1992; according to Maslić-Seršić and Vuletić, 2006), Job Satisfaction, Work Time Satisfaction, and a short Sociodemographic Data Questionnaire compiled for the purposes of this research. It was found that there is no difference in the interference of working hours with family and social life and the performance of formal tasks, with regard to the length of the working day. However, a significant, albeit weak, effect (դ 2=0.05) of the duration of the working day within a single shift on the estimated mental health of the participants was found. The direction of the differences points to more negative effects of 12-hour working hours compared to eight-hour working hours. Namely, participants who work 12 hours a day rate their mental health worse than participants whose working day lasts eight hours, yet they are significantly (դ 2=0.08) more satisfied with their working hours than participants whose working day lasts eight hours. A significant and large effect of shift rotation speed on all investigated variables was also determined. Speaking about the interference of working time with social and family life and the performance of formal jobs, all groups of shift workers who work in shifts at different speeds differ. Working hours interfere the least with workers whose shifts rotate every six days, and the most with shift workers whose shifts rotate every three days. Participants' rated mental health and vitality did not differ between the two-day rotating group and the three-day rotating group but was significantly worse in both of those groups than in the six-day rotating group. A significant and relatively strong effect of shift rotation on job satisfaction and working time was found, whereby the workers with the slowest shift rotation (every six days) were the most satisfied with their work, and on the contrary, the workers with the fastest shift rotation (every two days) were the most satisfied with the working time. |
