Title Utjecaj svemirskog vremena na GNSS Title (english) Effects of space weather on GNSS Author Igor Dukić Mentor Ivan Toman (mentor)Committee member Luka Grbić (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Ivan Toman (član povjerenstva)Committee member Vinko Pavić (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zadar Defense date and country 2024-09-26, Croatia Scientific / art field, TECHNICAL SCIENCES Abstract Najčešći izvor utjecaja svemirskoga vremena je solarna aktivnost, prvenstveno potaknuta Sunčevim 11- godišnjim solarnim ciklusom. Svemirsko vrijeme može imati značajne implikacije na različite tehnologije na Zemlji, kao što je GNSS. GNSS su satelitski sustavi kojima je u cilju pronalaženje i praćenje pozicije na našoj planeti. Ključne pojave svemirskog vremena uključuju solarne baklje, koronalna izbacivanja mase, solarni vjetar, geomagnetske oluje, ionosferski poremećaji, zračenje odnosno radijacija. Geomagnetske oluje i solarne baklje predstavljaju najveće rizike za točnost i pouzdanost satelitskih navigacijskih sustava. Geomagnetske oluje najznačajniji su vremenski događaji koji utječu na GNSS. Često ih uzrokuju ih izbačaji koronalne mase (CME) i brzi tokovi solarnog vjetra u interakciji sa Zemljinim magnetskim poljem. Ove oluje mogu uzrokovati ozbiljne ionosferske poremećaje, što dovodi do velikih TEC varijacija, povećane scintilacije i poremećaja signala. Učinci ovih događaja mogu biti ozbiljne pogreške u pozicioniranju, gubitak signala, vremenske pogreške i povećane greške u preciznosti (DOP). Indeks F10.7 kao i kp indeks nam služe kao važni alati u prognozi svemirskoga vremena. Što se tiče pripreme i spremnosti na smetnje, postoje razne mjere i planovi kao rad na jačoj zaštiti kritičnih sistema u uređajima i održavanje suvišnih dijelova sistema. Još jedan primjer su stariji sistemi koji su manje izloženiji utjecaju. Zabilježeni povijesni događaji nam omogućuju bolje razumijevanje našoj izloženosti svemirskom utjecaju, što je važan faktor u našem napretku razumijevanja ovakvih pojava. Uz sva dosadašnja saznanja, proučavanje svemirskoga vremena je sve relevantnije kako modernija tehnologija postaje sve izloženija utjecaju svemirskoga vremena.
Abstract (english) The most common source of space weather influences is solar activity, primarily driven by the Sun's 11- year solar cycle. Space weather can have significant implications for various technologies on Earth, such as GNSS. GNSS are satellite systems whose goal is to find and track the position on our planet. Key phenomena of space weather include solar flares, coronal mass ejections, solar wind, geomagnetic storms, ionospheric disturbances, radiation. Geomagnetic storms and solar flares pose the greatest risks to the accuracy and reliability of satellite navigation systems. Geomagnetic storms are the most significant weather events affecting GNSS. They are often caused by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and fast streams of the solar wind interacting with the Earth's magnetic field. These storms can cause severe ionospheric disturbances, leading to large TEC variations, increased scintillation and signal disturbances. The effects of these events can be severe positioning errors, signal loss, timing errors, and increased errors of precision (DOP). The F10.7 index as well as the kp index serve us as important tools in space weather forecasting. As for preparation and preparedness for disturbances, there are various measures and plans such as development of stronger protection of critical systems in devices and maintenance of redundant parts of the system. Another example is older systems that are less exposed to influence. Recorded historical events allow us to better understand our exposure to cosmic influence, which is an important factor in our progress in understanding such phenomena. With all the knowledge so far, the study of space weather is more and more relevant as modern technology becomes more and more exposed to the influence of space weather.
Keywords
GNSS
svemirsko vrijeme
solarni ciklus
solarne baklje
koronalni izbačaji mase
CME
geomagnetska oluja
povijesne geomagnetske oluje
ionosferski poremećaji
magnetosfera
ionosfera
Carrington event.
Keywords (english)
GNSS
space weather
solar cycle
solar flares
coronal mass ejections
CME
geomagnetic storm
historical geomagnetic storms
ionospheric disturbances
magnetosphere
ionosphere
Carrington event.
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:162:401216 Study programme Title: Nautical Studies and Maritime Industry Transport Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2024-09-30 07:26:50
