| Abstract | Enteralni pripravci su hrana za posebne medicinske namjene, strogo kontrolirane kvalitete i indikacija za upotrebu. Enteralni pripravci se najčešće dijele prema svom kemijskom sastavu na monomerne, oligomerne i polimerne te pripravke iz kućne radinosti. Prema namjeni enteralne pripravke dijelimo na standardne i specijalne pripravke za određene bolesti i stanja. Standardni pripravci su sastavom najsličniji potrebama zdravih osoba. Specijalni pripravci se dijele na pripravke za gastrenterološke bolesnike, kardiološke bolesnike, pulmološke bolesnike, bolesnike sa jetrenim bolestima, bolesnike sa bolesti gušterače, neurogenom disfagijom, šećernom bolesti, pripravke za prevenciju i liječenje kroničnih rana, bolesnike u jedinicama intenzivne skrbi, za stariju populaciju i pedijatrijsku populaciju. Temeljne odredbe za primjenu enteralnih pripravaka regulira Europsko društvo za parenteralnu i enteralnu prehranu. Enteralni pripravci se mogu primjenjivati peroralno, putem enteralne sonde ili stome, različitim metodama: bolus, kontinuirano i intermitentno hranjenje. Uloga medicisnke sestre u ovom području je višestruka i značajna, a najvažnije su sudjelovanje pri postavljanu perkutane endoskopske gastro/jejunostome, postavljanje nazogastrične sonde, provođenje zdravstvenog odgoja bolesnika i/ili obitelji ili skrbnika. |
| Abstract (english) | Enteral preparations are food for special medical purposes, strictly controlled quality and indication for use. Enteral preparations are usually divided according to their chemical composition into monomeric, oligomeric and polymeric preparations, as well as home-made preparations. According to their purpose, enteral preparations are divided into standard and special preparations for certain diseases and conditions. Standard preparations are composed of the most similar needs of healthy people. Special preparations are divided into preparations for gastroenterology patients, cardiology patients, pulmonology patients, patients with liver diseases, patients with pancreatic disease, neurogenic dysphagia, diabetes, preparations for the prevention and treatment of chronic wounds, patients in intensive care units, for the elderly population and pediatric population. The basic provisions for the use of enteral preparations are regulated by the European Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Enteral preparations can be administered orally, through an enteral tube or stoma, by different methods: bolus, continuous and intermittent feeding. The role of the nurse in this area is multiple and important, and the most important are participation in the placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy or jejunostomy, placement of a nasogastric tube, conducting health education of the patient and/or family or guardian. |
