Cryptocurrencies are an alternative form of investment and a means of payment that developed thanks to the dramatic and sudden rise of Blockchain technology and other digital technologies. The most important feature of cryptocurrencies is bypassing traditional financial institutions in the implementation of purchase and investment activities, because cryptocurrencies are based on decentralization and anonymity and function within P2P networks. The low degree of regulation and high volatility in the currency market certainly make decisions about investing and using cryptocurrencies challenging, which is also the fundamental reason for choosing cryptocurrencies in a payment function as a research subject. The goals of the research are to determine the available payment methods in cryptocurrencies and the frequency of use of these forms of payment. The research results show that cryptocurrencies are used more as a form of speculative investment than as a means of payment. Obstacles to the mass use of cryptocurrencies as a means of payment are the exceptional volatility of the market and technical obstacles in the form of slower speed of transactions through Blockchain technology. All this enables the parallel existence of fiat money and cryptocurrencies without significant disruptions in the achievement of monetary policy goals.