Title Efekti stranog jezika na različite aspekte moralnih prosudbi Title (english) The effects of a foreign language on various aspects of moral judgments Author Ivana Bikić Mentor Ana Proroković (mentor)Committee member Ana Proroković (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Ljiljana Gregov (član povjerenstva)Committee member Andrea Tokić (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zadar Defense date and country 2022-09-19, Croatia Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Abstract Odgovaranje na pitanja na temelju kojih se donosi odluka o moralu rezultat su natjecanja između automatskog, intuitivnog sustava (sustava 1) koji potiče deontološki odgovor (ne nanosi drugome štetu) i sporog, kontroliranog sustava (sustava 2) koji favorizira utilitaristički odgovor (maksimiziranje najvećeg dobra za najveći broj ljudi). Efekt stranoga jezika pojavljuje se u moralnim odlukama te utječe na procjene moralnosti ovisno o tome je li moralna dilema postavljena na materinskom ili
... More stranom jeziku. Niz dosadašnjih istraživanja bavio se različitim aspektima moralnog odlučivanja na materinskom i stranom jeziku (Cipolletti i sur., 2015; Čavar i Tytus, 2018; Geipel i sur., 2015; Keysar i sur., 2012).
Strani jezik povećava emocionalnu distancu, što dovodi do veće vjerojatnosti odgovaranja vođenog utilitarnim načelima (Costa i sur. 2014). Upotreba stranog jezika utječe na moralno odlučivanje i mnogi istraživači ovaj učinak objašnjavaju slabljenjem emocija pri upotrebi stranog jezika i zbog manje istaknutosti socijalnih i moralnih normi na stranom jeziku kao i kognitivne i emocionalne distance stranog jezika. Neki istraživači provjerili su pojavljuje li se efekt stranog jezika i na testu kognitivne reflektivnosti, logičnom zadatku koji za ispravno odgovaranje zahtjeva inhibiciju intuitivnog odgovora koji je netočan. U većini istraživanja nije pronađen efekt stranog jezika na testu kognitivne reflektivnosti (Białek i sur., 2019. Mækelæ i Pfuhl, 2019; Vega-Mendoza i sur., 2021), dok je u jednom istraživanju pronađeno da sudionici imaju bolje rezultate na testu kognitivne reflektivnosti ukoliko su odgovarali na stranom jeziku u odnosu na sudionike koji su odgovarali na materinskom jeziku (Costa i sur., 2014).
Stoga, cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati efekt stranog jezika na neke aspekte moralnih prosudbi i na testu kognitivne reflektivnosti, a sudionici su bili studenti viših godina anglistike, germanistike i talijanistike Sveučilišta u Zadru i studenti članovi Erasmus studentske organizacije ESN Coimbra u Portugalu (N=142). Nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika u procjenama moralnosti između sudionika koji su odgovarali na materinskom jeziku i između sudionika koji su odgovarali na stranom jeziku, bez obzira o kojem se stranom jeziku radilo. Nadalje, nema razlike u broju točnih odgovora između sudionika koji su odgovarali na materinskom jeziku i sudionika koji su odgovarali na stranom jeziku, osim kada su sudionici odgovarali na materinskom hrvatskom jeziku tada su imali veći broj točnih odgovora u odnosu na sudionike koji su odgovarali na stranom njemačkom jeziku. Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika u broju intuitivnih odgovora na testu kognitivne reflektivnosti između grupa sudionika koji su odgovarali na hrvatskom (materinskom) jeziku i onih koji su odgovarali na engleskom (stranom) i talijanskom (stranom) jeziku, kao i između sudionika koji su odgovarali na portugalskom (materinskom) jeziku i onih koji su odgovarali na engleskom (stranom) jeziku. Sudionici su imali manji broj intuitivnih odgovora u uvjetu davanja odgovora na stranom jeziku. S druge strane, nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika u broju intuitivnih odgovora na testu kognitivne reflektivnosti između sudionika koji su odgovarali na hrvatskom (materinskom) jeziku i onih koji su odgovarali na njemačkom (stranom) jeziku. Less Abstract (english) Answering questions that decide the moral outcome is a result of competition between an automatic, intuitive system (system 1) that encourages a deontological response (not doing any harm to others) and a slow, controlled system (system 2) that favors a utilitarian response (maximizing the greatest good for the largest number of people). The foreign language effect appears in moral decisions that influence the assessment of morality depending on whether the moral dilemma is set in the
... More mother tongue or foreign language. A number of previous studies have dealt with different aspects of moral decision-making in the mother tongue and in a foreign language (Cipolletti et al., 2015; Čavar and Tytus, 2018; Geipel et al., 2015; Keysar et al., 2012). A foreign language increases emotional distance, which leads to a higher probability of responding guided by utilitarian principles (Costa et al. 2014). Use of a foreign language influences moral decision-making and many researchers explain this effect by weakening emotions when using a foreign language and due to the lower prominence of social and moral norms in the foreign language as well as the cognitive and emotional distance of a foreign language. Some researchers have checked whether a foreign language effect also appears in the cognitive reflectivity test, a logical task that requires inhibition of an intuitive response that is incorrect to respond correctly. Most researchers did not find an effect (Białek et al., 2019). Mækelæ and Pfuhl, 2019; Vega-Mendoza et al., 2021), while in one study it was found that the participants had better results on the cognitive reflectivity test if they answered in a foreign language compared to participants who answered in their mother tongue (Costa et al., 2014). Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of foreign language on some aspects of moral judgments and in the cognitive reflectivity test, while participants were students of the higher years of the English, German and Italian Language studies of the University of Zadar and student members of the Erasmus student organization ESN Coimbra in Portugal (N=142). There was no statistically significant difference in the evaluations of morality between the participants who answered in their mother tongue and between the participants who answered in a foreign language, regardless of which foreign language it was. Furthermore, there is no difference in the number of correct answers between the participants who answered in their native language and the participants who answered in a foreign language, except when the participants answered in their native Croatian language they had a higher number of correct answers compared to the participants who answered in a foreign language German language. A statistically significant difference was found in the number of intuitive answers in the Cognitive Reflectivity Test between groups of participants who answered in Croatian (mother tongue) and those who answered in English (foreign) and Italian (foreign) languages, as well as between participants who answered in Portuguese (mother tongue) and those who answered in English (foreign) language. The participants had a smaller number of intuitive answers in the condition of giving answers in a foreign language. On the other hand, no statistically significant difference was found in the number of intuitive answers on the Cognitive Reflectivity Test between participants who answered in Croatian (mother tongue) and those who answered in German (foreign) language. Less Keywords
efekt stranog jezika
moralne dileme
kognitivna reflektivnost
Keywords (english)
foreign language effect
moral dilemmas
cognitive reflectivity
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:162:222130 Study programme Title: Psychology Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Access restricted to students and staff of home institution Terms of use Created on 2022-11-15 12:22:12
