| Abstract | U današnje vrijeme ženidba se kao intimna zajednica bračnoga života i ljubavi nalazi pred mnogim izazovima koje donosi životna svakodnevica. Ženidba prema odredbama kanonskog ženidbenog prava je zajednica svega života između muške i ženske osobe usmjerena k dobru supružnika, rađanju i odgoju djece. Svaka osoba ima pravo sklopiti ženidbu, ali crkveno i civilno pravo svojim zakonima određuju tko se može služiti tim pravom jer žele zaštititi bračnu zajednicu. Možemo navesti nekoliko razloga zbog kojih se ženidba proglašava ništavom. To su ženidbene zapreke, nevaljana ženidbena privola i kanonski oblik. Ženidbene zapreke su smetnje koje čine ženidbu nevaljanom. Vrste zapreka dijelimo na one s obzirom na izvor, pravno dokazivanje, stupanj poznavanja, opseg, trajnost i oprost. Postoji dvanaest zapreka, a to su zapreka dobi, spolne nemoći, zapreka ženidbene veze, različitosti vjere, zapreka svetih redova i javnog doživotnog zavjeta čistoće, zapreka otmice, zločina, krvnog srodstva, tazbine, javne ćudorednosti i zakonskoga srodstva. Oprost od zapreka se može dati samo za zapreke crkvenoga prava, jer Crkva za to ima ovlast. Mjesni ordinarij može dati oprost od zapreka, ali ne od onih za koje oprost smije dati samo Apostolska Stolica. U smrtnoj pogibelji ili hitnome slučaju oprost mogu dati župnik i posvećeni službenik koji je ovlašten za asistiranje ženidbi, svećenik ili đakon koji je nazočan tijekom sklapanja ženidbe. Ženidbena privola je slobodan, svjestan i odgovoran čin volje koji tvori ženidbu. Privola je pristanak na ženidbu, a mora odgovarati unutrašnjim i izvanjskim uvjetima. Unutrašnji uvjeti se odnosi na naravne i pravne sposobnosti, a izvanjski na izvanjsko očitovanja privole. Na valjanost privole utječu nesposobnost osobe za sklapanje ženidbe, neznanje, zabluda, zlonamjerna prijevara, prisila, strah i simulacija. Svaka katolička ženidba mora imati određeni oblik, koji nazivamo kanonski ženidbeni oblik. Razlikujemo redoviti i izvanredni kanonski oblik. Redoviti oblik se tiče ženidbi u kojima je moguće obdržavati propise vezane za ženidbeni oblik. Izvanredni oblik se tiče onih ženidbi kod kojih nije moguće sklopiti ženidbu prema redovitom kanonskom obliku. Ženidba sklopljena prema izvanrednom obliku valjana je i ako se sklopi pred samim svjedocima, ali je važna prisutnost svećenika zbog svetog karaktera ženidbe. |
| Abstract (english) | Nowadays, marriage, as an intimate union of married life and love, faces many obstacles that come with life surroundings. The definition of marriage that regulates the canon marriage law is that it is a union of all life between a male and a female person focused on the good of the spouses, the birth and upbringing of children. Every person has the right to marry but the church and the civil law determine by their laws who has that right, because they want to protect the institution of marriage. There are several reasons for nullity of marriage. These are marriage obstacles, invalid marriage consent and canonical marriage form. Marriage obstacles are barriers that make marriage invalid. The types of marriage obstacles are divided into those regarding source, legal proof, degree of knowledge, scope, durability and forgiveness. There are twelve obstacles: age, sexual inability, prior bond, disparity of religion, sacred order and public life vow of purity, abduction, crime, blood relation, affinity, public morality and adoption. Forgiveness of marriage obstacles can be given only for the obstacles of church law, because the Church has the authority to do so. A local ordinary can give forgiveness for the obstacles, except for those for whom only the Apostolic See can give forgiveness. In case of death or emergency, forgiveness may be given by the pastor and a dedicated clerk authorized to assist in the marriage ceremony, a priest or a deacon present during the marriage ceremony. Marriage consent is a free, conscious and responsible act of will, which forms a marriage.
Marriage consent is an assent to marriage and must be in accordance with internal and external conditions. Internal conditions relate to natural and legal abilities, and external conditions relate to external manifestation of marriage consent. The validity of the consent is affected by the person's inability to marry, ignorance, delusion, malicious fraud, coercion and simulation. Every Catholic marriage must have a specific form, which we call the canonical marriage form. We distinguish between regular and extraordinary canonical form. Regular form refers to marriages in which it is possible to keep regulations related to the marriage form. The extraordinary form refers to those marriages where it is not possible to get married in the regular canonical form. Lastly, it is highlighted that marriage arranged in an extraordinary form is valid although if it is solely in the presence of witnesses, but the presence of a priest is important because of the sacred character of marriage |
