Title Tjelesna aktivnost kod učenice sa Down sindromom - analiza slučaja
Title (english) Physical activity in individuals with Down syndrome – a case study
Author Dora Kolega
Mentor Jelena Alić (mentor)
Committee member Smiljana Zrilić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Donata Vidaković Samaržija (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Jelena Alić (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zadar (Department of Teachers and Preschool Teachers Education) (Division of Elementary School Teacher Education) Zadar
Defense date and country 2020-07-14, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline SOCIAL SCIENCES Kinesiology
Abstract „Down sindrom je najčešći genetski poremećaj koji nastaje uslijed viška jednog kromosoma ili dijela kromosoma u jezgri svake stanice tijela. Čovjekovo tijelo izgrađeno je otprilike od trilijun stanica koje uglavnom sadrže 46 kromosoma. Djeca rođena sa Down sindromom (DS) imaju u svim svojim stanicama jedan kromosom (broj 21) više“ (V.Čulić, S.Čulić, 2008). „Taj poremećaj značajno se uočava u svim područjima te time sprječava fizički i mentalni razvoj djeteta. Osobe s Down sindromom (DS), uz specifičan oblik lica prije svega karakterizira hipotoničnost kompletne muskulature što se kod djece s DS može uočiti već u najranijoj dobi. Nizak mišićni tonus, zajedno s reduciranom snagom i izdržljivošću znatno otežava savladavanje fundamentalnih oblika kretanja. Nadalje, takve osobe u ranoj dobi karakterizira hipermobilnost zglobova, prvenstveno uzrokovana dužim ligamentima u zglobnim sustavima, što se posebno manifestira na zglobovima ramena, kukova i stopala. Također, za djecu s DS tipičan je i nedostatak mišićne snage, no on se kao i kod svih drugih osoba može razviti vježbanjem“(Piteti, Baynard i Agiovlasitis, 2013). Upravo zato karakteristika i važnost tjelesne aktivnosti ključna je uloga u razvoju i napretku djece s DS. Kakav će ishod rezultirati ponajviše ovisi o pažljivom i primjerenom odabiru sadržaja. Tjelesna aktivnost kod osoba s DS iznimno je važna i neizostavna.
Pošto je istraživanje provedeno u vrijeme pandemije virusa COVID-19 koji hara cijelim svijetom, cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi utjecaj tjelesne aktivnosti na funkcionalan i psihomotorički razvoj djeteta s DS na osnovi analize slučaja djevojčice koja pohađa prvi razred OŠ Stanovi u Zadru prije pojave mjera donesenih sukladno sa pademijom COVID-19, gdje je dijete bilo uključeno u redovni program tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture u školi te pohađalo satove plesa i usporediti sa stanjem za vrijeme pandemije kada je djetetu bila smanjena tjelesna aktivnost, odnosno bilo je manje tjelesno aktivno, ne pohađa redovnu nastavu koja obuhvaća i satove tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture, te ne pohađa satove plesa.
Rezultati istraživanja ukazali su kako postoje razlike između stanja prije pojave mjera pandemije COVID-19 i nakon pojave mjera. Iako razlike nisu velike, ipak postoje, i očituju se u motoričkim sposobnostima fleksibilnosti, koordinacije i repetitivne snage u korist stanja koje je bilo prije pojave mjera.
Može se zaključiti kako je učinak tjelesne aktivnosti izuzetno veliki na cjelokupan psihomotorički i socijalan razvoj djeteta s Down sindromom. Stoga ga ne smijemo zanemariti već ga poticati kako na satovima tjelesnog i zdravstvenog odgoja tako i u izvanškolskim aktivnostima.
Abstract (english) „Down syndrome is one of the most common genetic disorder caused by resence of all or part a third copy of chromosome 21. The human body is made up of approximately a trillion cells that mostly contain 46 chromosomes. Children born with Down syndrome (DS) have one chromosome extra (number 21) in each of their cells. (V.Čulić, S.Čulić, 2008).
This disorder is significantly observed in all areas and prevents the physical and mental development of the child. People with Down syndrome (DS), with a specific face shape, are characterized by hypotonicity of the complete musculature, which can be clearly seen at an early age. Low muscle tone along with reduced strenght and endurance significantly aggravates mastering fundamental formes of movemant. Furthermore, those people at an early age get the characterization of joint hypermobility, primarily caused by longer ligament in the joint system, which is especially evident on the joints of the shoulders, hips and feet. Also, what is typical for children with DS is lack of muscle strenght which can be developed trough exercise as with any other person. (Piteti, Baynard, Agiovlasitis, 2013.) That is why the characteristics and importance of physical activity are a key role in the development and progress of children with DS. What are going to be results mostly depends on careful and appropriate selection of content. Physical activity is extremely important and indispesanble for people with DS.
Since the researce was conduced during pandemic time of COVID-19, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of physical activity on the functional and psychomotor development of a child with DS based on a case study of a girl attending first grade of primary school Stanovi in Zadar before the emergence of measures adopted in accordance with COVID-19 were the child was included in a regular physical education program at school and in addition attended dance classes, to compare it with the time of pandemic when the child physical activity was reduced, regarding to absence of regular classes which includes physical education and absence of dance classes.
The results of the research indicated that there are differences between the conditions before of the appearance COVID-19 pandemic measures and after the appearance of the measures. Although the differences are not large, they do exist, and are manifested in the motor abilities of flexibility, coordination, and repetitive strength in favor of the condition that existed before the advent of the measures.
We can conclude that the effect of physical activity is extremely important for the entire psychomotor and social development of children with DS. That is why we must not ignore it but encourage it both in physical education classes and extracurricular activities.
Keywords
genetski poremećaj
hipotoničnost kompletne muskulature
tjelesna aktivnost
djeca sa Down sindromom
motoričke sposobnosti
Keywords (english)
genetic disorder
hypotonicity of complete musculature
physical activity
children with down syndrom
motor performance
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:162:387334
Study programme Title: Primary education Study programme type: university Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra primarnog obrazovanja (magistar/magistra primarnog obrazovanja)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2020-08-17 11:53:33