Lung cancer involves a group of different tumors that arise from a variety of tissues found in the lungs. It is often asymptomatic, spreads rapidly to other organs, and treatment success depends on the stage at which the disease is detected. Tobacco smoke is a major risk factor, but also exposure to various harmful substances, asbestos, exposure to radiation, arsenic, chromium, inhalation of polluted air in urban areas. The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued a classification of lung cancer and divides it into four groups according to histological picture: large cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. The clinical picture depends on the size of the primary tumor, the localization, its spread to surrounding structures, distant metastases, the type of tumor, the history of the disease, past habits, especially smoking. It also depends on the age, gender and complications of the tumor itself. Various methods (endoscopic, cytological, histological, radiological, scintigraphic) are used to diagnose lung cancer. Large cell lung cancer is classified according to the "TNM classification", and small cell carcinoma is classified into two stages, depending on whether the disease is limited or advanced. The most important thing is to establish a diagnosis as soon as possible in order to start appropriate treatment. From taking anamnesis, physical examination, determination of tumor markers, laboratory diagnostics, analysis of sputum, analysis of cytological samples, bronchoscopy to the choice of type of treatment. It can be surgical, radiation, chemotherapy or a combination of the above. Rapid recognition, diagnosis, treatment, psychological support, appropriate health care are the foundation of quality patient health care.