Dalmatia is a region where wine growing as an industry is a long tradition. It was the backbone of the economy that enabled the survival of most Dalmatian population. Due to the lack of fertile land, people in Dalmatia have raised their vineyards in the karst. Often, those vineyards were scattered and the people had to invest a lot of effort in processing them. Thanks to excellent natural factors, some localities have produced good quality wine. These high-quality wines have experienced their first export expansion during a small conjuncture. At that time, Italian viticulture was under the influence of a disease called „oidium“. It has led to an extremely agrarian population to be more dedicated to growing vines. This first conjuncture was overturned for the next great conjuncture. The cause of that major conjuncture in Dalmatia was a disease known as „phylloxera“. It was first observed in English vineyards, but spread rapidly across Europe and almost caused the total collapse of European wineries and vineyards. Phylloxera was later observed in Dalmatia than in the rest of Europe and on that basis has been economically prosperous. Characteristic for this period is expansion of the area planted with grape vines, increase of production, exports and prices of Dalmatian wine. The most important event for the period of great conjuncture was the opening of the French market for Dalmatian wine. Before phylloxera, France was the largest consumer and wine producer in the world and needed to meet the needs of France and the needs of its colonies on its market, and they saw in dalmatian wines a worthy substitute. After French winemakers came up with positive moves in the fight against phylloxera with the help of American vine varieties, a new disease under the name of peronospora appeared in Dalmatia. Her vintners resisted peronospora with a bordeaux soup. A real tragedy was created when phylloxera was observed in Dalmatia. Shortly thereafter, France closed its wine markets, the landlords became indebted, the working-age population began to emigrate in search of a better life. The struggle with phylloxera was impossible. The last nail in the coffin for the Dalmatian economy is a wine clause with Italy. This has caused great poverty and famine. Because of this, people were massively emigrated in overseas countries. One of the best defenders of Dalmatian interests at that time was politician Juraj Biankini. He appealed to Vienna to help Dalmatia withdraw the wine clause and prevent the mass emigration of the young population by providing money for the recovery of economy. All these appeals were in vain and in Dalmatia was established an anti-Austrian mood. At that time, the Hungarian vineyards repaired significantly and the wine clause was abolished under the pressure of the Hungarian public, but it was too late for Dalmatia. The clause has caused the demographic and economic crisis, but it has led to the homogenization of the political scene and anti-Austrian mood in Dalmatia, which will be of great importance in the coming years.