Title Zdravstvena njega bolesnika s operacijom vena Title (english) Health care of patient with vein surgery Author Iva Vojvodić Mentor Neven Skitarelić (mentor)Mentor Danijela Miljanić (komentor) Committee member Neven Skitarelić (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Danijela Miljanić (član povjerenstva) Committee member Anita Škarica (član povjerenstva) Granter University of Zadar Defense date and country 2018-01-18, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Abstract Vene su krvne žile koje krv iz tijela dovode natrag u srce. Stijenka vena sastoji se većim dijelom od vezivnog tkiva i vrlo tankog mišićnog sloja. Većinom se kod velikih vena na unutarnjoj stijenci nalaze zalisci koji pomožu optoku krvi prema srcu. Bolesti vena, posebno nogu zbog učestalosti, ima veliko medicinsko i društveno-socijalno značenje. Pojavnost bolesti venskog sustava raste sa porastom životne dobi zbog utjecaja raznih čimbenika tijekom života koji dovode do oslabljenja venskih zalisaka pri čemu se krv nakuplja u donjim dijelovima tijela, pritišće vensku stijenku i dovodi do širenja površinskih vena. Bolesti se javljaju češće kod žena, i to do četiri puta u odnosu na muškarce, pod utjecajem ženskih spolnih hormona, estrogena i progesterona. Jedan od faktora rizika za nastanak bolesti je i obiteljska predispozicija. Nastanku bolesti znatno doprinosi i izbor zanimanja, povećana tjelesna težina, neke kronične bolesti, ozljede, trudnoća, neki lijekovi (kontraceptivi) i loše životne navike.
Prevencija je zbog toga iznimno važna jer bolesnik svojim načinom života može puno utjecati na razvoj i tijek bolesti. Preporučuje se izbjegavanje dugotrajnog stajanja ili sjedenja. Poželjna je svakodnevna umjerena tjelesna aktivnost, ovisno o dobi i tjelesnim mogućnostima, a nužno je i održavanje normalne tjelesne težine. Uz ostale navedene mjere, nošenjem elastičnih kompresivnih čarapa ili zavoja, bolest može biti godinama pod kontrolom i time se bitno poboljšava kvaliteta bolesnikova života.
Rano otkrivanje i liječenje bolesti vena zaustavlja njezino napredovanje i pozitivno utječe na bolesnikovu kvalitetu života. Bolest se dijagnosticira na temelju anamneze, kliničke slike te dijagnostičkim postupcima. Najčešče se upotrebljava UZV-Doppler sonografija koja omogućava uvid u stanje površinskih i dubokih vena te njihovih zalisaka. Ovisno o vrsti bolesti kompresivna terapija može se primijeniti u različitim oblicima, a o tome ovisi i stupanj kompresije. Medikamentozna terapija uključuje primjenu heparinskih krema, gelova i masti te povremeno uzimanje antiagregacijskih lijekova ili antikoagulansa te je također potreban i odmor uz elevaciju ekstremiteta. U slučaju trajno promjenjenih vena koristi se invazivna terapija koja uključuje sklerozaciju, flebektomiju, endovenozni laserski tretman- EVLT te klasično kirurško liječenje.
Abstract (english) The veins are blood vessels that bring blood from the body back to the heart, their wall is built mainly of connective tissue, and a thin muscle layer. In large veins, the valves are located on the inside wall and they support blood flow to the heart. Venous diseases, especially the veins in legs, due to the frequency, have a lot of medical and social significance. The incidence of diseases of the venous system grows with age under the influence of various factors that can weaken vein valves, whereby blood is lagging behind in the lower parts of the body, presses the vein wall and leads to the formation of enlargement of the superficial veins. Diseases of the venous system are much more common in women, it is up to four times compared to men, under the influence of female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone. It is believed that there is a hereditary predisposition to the disease. The occurrence of the disease additional benefits and choice of occupation, some chronic diseases, pregnancy, obesity, injury, taking some drugs (contraceptives) and bad habits.
Prevention is therefore extremely important because the patient way of living can be a lot of significant on the development and course of the disease. It should be avoided as much as possible prolonged standing in the same place or sitting. Preferably daily moderate exercise and weight reduction. All these measures, along with the mandatory wearing elastic compression stockings or bandages, the patient can keep the disease under control and can significantly improve the quality of life.
Early detection and treatment of venous diseases stops its progression and has a positive effect on the patient's quality of life. The diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms and the degree of damage to venous circulation different assays to assess the ability of the venous valves. Used by ultrasound Doppler sonography, which we gain insight into the state of deep and superficial veins and their valves. Medical therapy consists of applying the heparin creams, gels and occasionally fat intake and antiplatelet drugs or anticoagulants. Moreover, it is required resting by raising the affected limb. However, sometimes pronounced changes need invasive treatment such as phlebectomy or sclerotherapy of smaller branches of veins and veinectasia.
Keywords
venska cirkulacija
bolesti vena
čimbenici rizika
prevencija bolesti
Keywords (english)
vein circulation
diseases of the venous system
predisposition to the disease
prevention
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:162:337012 Study programme Title: Nursing Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Access restricted to students and staff of home institution Terms of use Created on 2018-01-30 08:56:44
