The digestive system can be anatomically divided into an upper and a lower part, separated by the ligament of Treitz. The upper part of the digestive system includes the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach and duodenum. Bleeding from the upper parts of the digestive system is the most common, as much as 80% compared to the lower part of the digestive system. Bleeding from esophageal and gastric varices is most often caused by portal hypertension. Portal hypertension is the result of increased pressure in the portal venous system. The approach to patients with bleeding from esophageal and gastric varices is individual, it differs depending on the patient's condition and clinical picture. In the beginning it is important to ensure the hemodynamic stability of the patient. Endoscopic methods used to stop bleeding are sclerotherapy, ligation of varices, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, and pharmacological therapy and later secondary prophylaxis. Secondary prophylaxis is used with the aim to reduce the recurrence. The nurse plays an important role in the process of health care for patients with bleeding from esophageal and gastric varices, as their planned interventions and objectives contribute to the patient's recovery and relief.