Osteoporosis is a sistemic metabolic disease of the bone characterised by bone mass reduction which could result in bone quality changes and structure abnormality that could consequently lead to bone strength reduction and increased fracture risk. There are volatile and unchangeable risk factors that can lead to osteoporosis. Two forms of this disease can be distinguished, the primary and the secondary form, with primary being more common one. Characteristic trait of disease is occurrence in postmenopausal women since the largest loss of bone density is observed during this period. Secondary osteoporosis occurs less frequently - in about 5% of cases, and can occur as a result of chronic illnesses and certain medication - mostly corticosteroids. One of the fundamental waysof detection of osteoporosis is carefully taking patient's history, along with laboratory tests, physical examination and imaging. Bone densitometry is the „golden standard“ in diagnosing this disease. Osteoporosis presents a major problem regarding public health, which often leads to high morbidity, mortality and disability. It is widespread throughout the world, and as life expectancy is getting longer, a further increase in its prevalence can be expected. Consequently, attention should be focused on prevention of osteoporosis, which aims to reduce the risk of disease development and the occurrence of adverse events that it may cause. Prevention of osteoporosis is aimed at reducing the number of bone fractures, reducing functional impairment, and preventing the occurrence of disability. The development of osteoporosis and the way of treatment depends on age, bone loss, fracture history, and the risk of new-onset fractures, but also an important indicator is the existence of other diseases and conditions and the patient's preference. There are two key treatments for osteoporosis: non-pharmacological and pharmacological.