| Abstract | Pretilost je važan problem današnjeg društva te privlači pozornost stručnjaka raznih područja koji proučavaju utjecaj na zdravlje, kao i na društveno i emocionalno stanje mlade populacije. Zabrinjavajući je trend porasta pretilosti među mladima posljednjih desetljeća na globalnoj razini jer narušava ukupnu kvalitetu života mlađe populacije. Čimbenici razvoja pretilosti mogu biti genetski, na što se ne može utjecati, te okolinski, kojih gotovo 97% može biti direktno pod našom kontrolom. Neki od uzroka pretilosti su tjelesna (ne)aktivnost, izbor prehrane, sjedilački način života, izlaganje digitalnim ekranima, o čemu u konačnici ovisi poduzimanje mjera prevencije, dijagnoza i liječenje pretilosti kod djece. Primarna prevencija zauzima ključnu ulogu, a usmjerena je na zaustavljanje nezdravih navika kod djece već prije pojave pretilosti. Pri tom, pedijatrijske ambulante i obrazovne ustanove imaju važno odgojnoobrazovnu ulogu u poticanju zdravoga načina života djece i njihovih obitelji, edukaciji roditelja i praćenju podataka antropometrijskih mjerenja, kako bi se pravodobno mogla prepoznati potreba za adekvatnim mjerama. Pretilost ima štetne posljedice na zdravlje uključujući i razvoj metaboličkog sindroma. Utvrđivanje prisutnosti metaboličkog sindroma zahtijeva pažljivu anamnezu i klinički pregled, a dijagnoza se zasniva na postojanju minimalno tri od pet faktora rizika. Osim pretilosti, to su visok krvni tlak, povišena razina šećera u krvi, povišene razine triglicerida i niske razine HDL kolesterola. Metabolički sindrom povećava rizik od razvoja srčanih bolesti i dijabetesa tipa 2, kao i drugih komorbiditeta u kasnijem životu. Trenutno nema jedinstvene definicije i terapijske sheme za metabolički sindrom pedijatrijske populacije. Shodno tome, ova je tema danas od velikog javnozdravstvenog interesa te su potrebna nova istraživanja i strategije kako bi se procijenila sigurnost i učinkovitost lijekova i kirurških tretmana u dječjoj populaciji. |
| Abstract (english) | Obesity is an important problem in today's society and attracts the attention of experts in various fields who study the impact on health, as well as on the social and emotional state of the young population. The growing trend of obesity among young people in recent decades at the global level is worrying, impairing the overall quality of life of the younger population. Factors in the development of obesity can be genetic, which cannot be influenced, and environmental, almost 97% of which can be directly under our control. Some of the causes of obesity are physical (in)activity, choice of diet, sedentary lifestyle, exposure to digital screens, on which prevention measures, diagnosis and treatment of adiposity in children ultimately depend. Primary prevention plays a key role, and is aimed at stopping unhealthy habits in children even before the appearance of obesity. At the same time, pediatric clinics and educational institutions have an important educational role in encouraging a healthy lifestyle for children and their families, educating parents and monitoring anthropometric measurement data, so that the need for adequate measures can be recognized in a timely manner. Obesity has adverse effects on health, including the development of metabolic syndrome. Determining the presence of metabolic syndrome requires a careful history and clinical examination, and the diagnosis is based on the presence of at least three of the five risk factors. In addition to obesity, these are high blood pressure, elevated blood sugar levels, elevated triglyceride levels and low HDL cholesterol levels. Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of developing heart disease and type 2 diabetes, as well as other comorbidities in later life. Currently, there is no single definition and therapeutic scheme for metabolic syndrome in the pediatric population. Consequently, this topic is of great public health interest today, and new research and strategies are needed to assess the safety and effectiveness of drugs and surgical treatments in the pediatric population. |
