| Abstract | Ovaj završni rad obuhvaća klinički, javno zdravstveni i sestrinski aspekt malarije kao zarazne bolesti koja je nekoć bila široko rasprostranjena, zatim svedena na minimum, a u novije doba ponovno prijeti čovječanstvu zbog socijalnih, ekonomskih i ekoloških čimbenika. Malarija je zarazna bolest koju uzrokuju četiri vrste plazmodija, a to su: Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium falciparum i Plasmodium malariae. Ova zarazna bolest prvi se put pojavila prije više od 50 000 godina, a do danas nije pronađeno učinkovito cijepivo za zaštitu stanovništva. Malariju prenosi ženka komarca iz roda Anopheles, a čovjek je jedini važni rezervoar humane malarije. Malarija je najrasprostranjenija u tropskim i suptropskim područjima. Najveći broj oboljelih od importirane malarije u Hrvatskoj čine pomorci, a godišnje ih oboli u prosjeku osam. Dijagnoza se postavlja na temelju pozitivnog nalaza parazita u krvi. Inkubacija traje od 9 do 40 dana, ovisno o vrsti uzročnika. Zajedničke manifestacije svim oblicima malarije su: vrućica, anemija, žutica, splenomegalija,hepatomegalija i malarijski paroksizam. Liječenje se provodi derivatima kinina uz simptomatsku terapiju. Kao i kod ostalih zaraznih bolesti važno je pridržavati se protokola postupanja sa zaraženom osobom i njenom okolinom te mjerama suzbijanja širenja infekcije u čemu glavnu i najvažniju ulogu imaju zdravstveni radnici. Cilj ovog završnog rada je prikazati opetovanu pojavnost malarije kao zarazne bolesti, te metode dijagnostike i liječenja,mjere prevencije, kao i ulogu medicinske sestre/tehničara pri provedbi zdravstvene njege bolesnika oboljelog od malarije. |
| Abstract (english) | The final work includes clinical, public health and nursing aspect of malaria as a disease that was once widespread, then reduced to a minimum, and in recent times again threatens humanity for social, economic and environmental factors. Malaria is an infectious disease caused by four species of Plasmodium, which are: Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale,Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium malariae. This contagious disease first appeared more than 50,000 years ago, and has not found an effective vaccine to protect the population.Malaria transmitted female mosquito of the genus Anopheles, the man was the only significant reservoir of human malaria. This contagious disease is most common in tropical and subtropical areas. The largest number of cases of imported malaria in Croatia are sailors,and a year are diagnosed with an average of eight. Diagnosis is made on the basis of a positive finding of parasites in the blood. The incubation period of 9-40 days, depending on the type of pathogen. Common manifestations of all forms of malaria are fever, anemia, jaundice,splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and the malarial paroxysm, and the treatment is carried out derivatives of quinine with symptomatic treatment. As with other infectious diseases, it is important to abide by the rules of procedure with an infected person and its environment and measures to control the spread of infection in which the main and most important role is played by health workers. The aim of this final work is to show the repeated incidence of malaria disease, and accordingly methods for diagnosis, treatment and prevention measures,as well as the role of nurses / technicians in implementing the health care of patients suffering from malaria. |
