Abstract | Demokratski odgoj i obrazovanje mogu se definirati na različite načine: mogu se odnositi na obrazovanje demokratskog građanstva čiji će članovi biti odgovorni i informirani sudionici u društvu. Osim toga, demokratski odgoj i obrazovanje mogu se baviti i ljudskim pravima te naglašavati razvoj svijesti o jedinstvenosti i neotuđivosti ljudskih prava i sloboda. U tom se slučaju pojedinac osposobljava za aktivno sudjelovanje u zaštiti ljudskih prava i uspostavljanje kulture ljudskih prava. Neke škole oslanjaju se i na proces raspodjele uloga prilikom donošenja odluka važnih za školu, što znači da se odluke temelje na glasovima većine, na zajedničkoj viziji, idealu, školskoj praksi, razumijevanju, toleranciji i suradnji. Osim upoznavanja učenika s činjenicama o ljudskim pravima, važno je i njihovo stjecanje vještina koje su potrebne za zaštitu prava na svim razinama. Odgovarajućom školskom demokratskom klimom osigurava se demokratska školska kultura i demokratski stil vođenja, zbog čega učenici uče humane vrijednosti, poput poštovanja, pravde, osjećaja sigurnosti u sebe, slušanja drugih, kritičkog mišljenja. Isto tako, demokratskim obrazovanjem može se smatrati i obrazovanje koje učeniku omogućava da samostalno donosi odluku vezanu za učenje i načine na koje će provoditi svoje vrijeme u školi. Summerhill škola se smatra najstarijom dječjom demokracijom u svijetu učenici se odgajaju u slobodi te žive demokratske vrijednosti i načela. U školi se zadovoljavaju obrazovne, intelektualne, društvene i emocionalne potrebe pojedinca unutar zajednice, ali se i razvija njegova individualnost, kritičko, problemsko i kreativno mišljenje. Osim toga, u školi se provodi demokratsko obrazovanje u okviru brojnih aktivnosti koje čine temelj funkcioniranja ove škole, a koje su prikazane u ovom radu. |
Abstract (english) | Democratic education can be defined in different ways: it mainly refers to the education of democratic citizenship whose members will become responsible and informed participants in society. Democratic education can also deal with human rights and emphasize the development of awareness of the uniqueness and inalienability of human rights and freedoms. In that case, the individual is educated to be able to protect human rights actively and establish human rights culture. Some schools are supporting the concept of dividing roles, meaning that important decisions about school are being made based on voting, as well as common vision, shared ideal, understanding, tolerance, and cooperation between students, parents, teachers and staff. In addition to learning the facts about human rights, it is also important that students acquire the skills needed to protect human rights at all levels. An appropriate democratic climate inside of a school will ensure a democratic school culture and democratic leadership style. That is why students learn and understand human values such as respect, justice, self confidence, listening to others and critical thinking. Democratic education can also be considered as an education that allows the student to make independent decisions about learning and about the ways in which he will spend his time at school. Summerhill School is considered to be the oldest children's democracy in the world students are brought up in freedom and they are living democratic values and principles. The school is emphasizing the educational, intellectual, social and emotional needs of the individual within the community, but is also developing his individuality, critical, problematic and creative thinking. Moreover, the school provides democratic education through activities that form the basis of the functioning of this school, which are presented in this thesis as well. |