This final paper deals with education and differences among educational achievements among the members of different social classes. It presents the main thesis of certain authors who studied education, but it is focused on Bourdieu’s theory of cultural reproduction and cultural capital. The educational system is presented as a neutral body based on meritocratic principles, which gives equal chances to everyone. The schools transmit general values which contribute to the maintaining of the social system. The dominant classes have the power to impose their own culture as the legitimate one i.e. as the culture everyone should strive for. Considering the fact that the cultural capital is unevenly distributed in society, many social groups and individuals do not have equal chances in access to the educational system. The differences among people and their educational achievements are being reproduced and deepened through the educational system. Along with cultural reproduction, the role of the educational system is also the social function of elimination. Social inequality is being reproduced by means of reproduction of power relations between different social classes. Also, it becomes legitimate through the educational system. Many research in the field of education show that there is a connection between an individual’s social capital and his educational achievements. The paper also presents some studies carried out in Croatia which are concerned with education i.e. with the differences between educational achievements and the factors which affect those differences.