| Abstract | Turizam kao fenomen proizlazi iz čovjekove potrebe za putovanjem, ali nije uvijek bio namijenjen za ljude svih društvenih klasa kao što je to slučaj danas. Događaj koji ga je približio ljudima koji ne pripadaju višoj klasi društva bilo je organiziranje grupnih putovanja koje je prvi organizirao Thomas Cook koji je osnovao i istoimenu kompaniju koja se bavila tim poslom. Navedeni događaj dogodio se 1841. godine, a označio je početak jedne revolucije u putovanjima. Ova kompanija može se smatrati prvim turoperatorom koji je poslovao na svijetu. Iako u vrijeme osnivanja on radi kao turistička agencija, prvim turoperatorom ga se može smatrati jer je u njihovom poslovanju bila naglašena organizacijska funkcija. Prve turoperatore u modernom smislu veže se uz pružanje putovanja koja su za prijevozno sredstvo nudila zrakoplov. Thomas Cook i njegov sin bili su ti koji su uspješno vodili ovu tvrtku i svojedobno stvarali nove trendove. Nakon što su 1928. godine prodali kompaniju svom belgijskom partneru Compagnie Generale des Wagons-Lits kompanija započinje razdoblje stagnacije koje traje sve do 1950.-ih godina. U tom periodu stagnacije tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata Thomas Cook je nacionaliziran i stavljen pod nadzor Transport holdingsa, britanske željezničke kompanije. Kasnije, razvojem zrakoplovnog prijevoza u drugoj polovici 20. stoljeća uvodi se pojam turoperator. To je vrijeme kada se na Mediteranu grade mnoga velika turistička naselja i koja su bila posjećena od velikog broja europskih turista. U to vrijeme Thomas Cook je privatiziran i prelazi u vlasništvo Midlandske banke koja je značajno proširila i unaprijedila poslovanje Thomas Cooka. Mnogi turoperatori i danas posluju na sličan način kao i u vrijeme njihovog razvoja, dok su neki ipak značajno proširili i modernizirali svoje poslovanje. U posljednjih 10 godina turizam, kao i društvo u cjelini, se mijenja i nameće neke nove trendove. Na turističkom tržištu smanjuje se udio za turoperatore, a sve više ljudi putuje samostalno. To im je omogućio razvoj informacijskih tehnologija i razvoj platformi koje pojednostavljuju organiziranje putovanja. Takve promjene su uz loše poslovne odluke rezultirale kolapsom najstarije kompanije koja se bavila organiziranim putovanjima- Thomas Cooka, a što će biti s ostalima tek ostaje za vidjeti. Jedno je sigurno svijet i turizam se mijenjaju, a ako žele i dalje poslovati i turoperatori će morati mijenjati način poslovanja. |
| Abstract (english) | Tourism as a phenomenon stems from man’s need to travel, but it has not always been intended for people of all social classes as is the case today. The event that brought him closer to people who do not belong to the upper class of society was the organization of group trips, which was first organized by Thomas Cook, who also founded the company of the same name that dealt with this business. The mentioned event happened in 1841, and it marked the beginning of a revolution in travel. This company can be considered the first tour operator to do business in the world. Although at the time of its establishment it worked as a tourist agency, it can be considered the first tour operator because its organizational function was emphasized in their business. The first tour operators in the modern sense were associated with the provision of travel that offered aircraft as a means of transportation. Thomas Cook and his son were the ones who successfully ran this company and created new trends at one time. After selling the company to its Belgian partner Compagnie Generale des Wagons-Lits in 1928, the company began a period of stagnation that lasted until the 1950s. During this period of stagnation during World War II, Thomas Cook was nationalized and placed under the control of Transport Holdings, a British railway company. Later, with the development of air transport in the second half of the 20th century, the term tour operator was introduced. This is the time when many large tourist resorts are being built in the Mediterranean and which have been visited by a large number of European tourists. At the time, Thomas Cook was privatized and became the property of the Bank of Midland, which significantly expanded and improved Thomas Cook's business. Many tour operators still operate in a similar way as at the time of their development, while some have significantly expanded and modernized their business. In the last 10 years, tourism, as well as society as a whole, has changed and imposed some new trends. The share of tour operators in the tourism market is declining, and more and more people are traveling on their own. This has enabled them to develop information technologies and develop platforms that simplify travel arrangements. Such changes, along with bad business decisions, resulted in the collapse of the oldest company that dealt with organized travel - Thomas Cook, and what will happen to the others remains to be seen. One thing is for sure, the world and tourism are changing, and if they want to continue doing business, tour operators will have to change the way they do business. |
