The era of Upper Paleolithic in Europe begins with the arrival of anatomically modern humans on to the unhospitable European soil. Confronted with the brutality of the Ice-age European environment, they adapt their behaviour and technology to new conditions, which results in increased diversification of lithic artefacts. From the climatological perspective, it is and era characterized by significant cooling periods which culminates during the last glacial maximum (LGM), approximately 18 000 years ago. The cooling changes the image of the European environment. Due to the expansion of the ice cover there is a decrease in sea level and vast expanses along the Mediterrranean sea are freed up. One of these expanses is the Great Adriatic Plain. Crisscrossed by many rivers which draw their water from Dinaric and alpine glaciers, it was the border between the warmer south and pre-glacial Europe, while its mainly steppe-like, and to a lesser degree, forest environment was the habitat of numerous animals which made the Adriatic Plain extremely attractive for hunter-gathering communities. The transition from late Pleistocene into Holocene is marked by a major chage in clime, in the shape of global warming that leads to melting of the glaciers, which consequently results in a signficant growth of sea level starting approximately 12 500 year ago, and in the next 3 500 years the Adriatic Plain is gradually submerged under the sea. Besides changes in sea level, the rise in temeperature leads to changes in the flora and fauna which is manifested in the spread of forest cover characterized by specfic fauna, smaller than the one which inhabited the vastness of the Adriatic Plain. All the mentioned shifts in the environment demand a change in the behavior and adaptation of new skills which the hunter-gathering communities had to embrace to successfully survive in the new surroundings. The mentioned adaptation is visible in the change of lithic material that is better suited for hunting small game, which leads to dominance of micro-lithic tools that reach their apex during the Mesolithic era. The Mesolithic signifies a new degree in the evolution of human communities, and it is related to hunter-gathering communities which have adapted to a new, warmer environment, more abundant with resources. On the territory of the eastern Adriatic coast during the transition of Epigravettien into Mesolithic there is no major change in the settlement strategies of hunter-gathering communities. The largest number of findings in both peridos comes from caves, while the sites out in the open are rare. Likewise, Mesolithic communities mainly use the same sites as Epigravettien ones. The fact that the communities choose the same sites which they habitate at a similar rate, tells of a similar movement radius and a similar space utilization. However, at the start of the Mesolithic period, the commercial radius is decreased, because now the great plains of the northern Adriatic are covered by sea. The data on raw materials acquistion during the Mesolithic period confirm the reduced mobility of communities. While, during the Mesolithic period, the territory of Damlatia shows a dominance in local sources of raw materials and the trend of reduction in previously present raw materials from distant regions, a different situation unfolds in the Istrian area. In fact, during the Upper Paleolithic period, the Istrian area is dominated by raw materials from exogenous and regional and, to a lesser extent, local sources, with the regional sources still dominating during the Mesolithic. However, a signficant increase in raw materials of local origin is registered, while the exogenous material is absent. The diet of communities on the eastern Adriatic coast during the late Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic, consisting mainly of large and medium ungulates, is complemented by smaller mammals, and during the Mesolithic period, by various terrestrial and sea snails as well as shellfish and mainly smaller fish species.