In this paper we analyse the ecclesiological teachings of the first centuries from the perspective of Cyprian, Novation and St. Ambrose. St. Cyprian and Novation are among the most significant representatives of Western Christianity in the 3rd century, and St. Ambrose in the 4th century. The aim of this paper was to discover the causes and circumstances which influenced the teachings they promoted in these, for the church challenging times. We study ecclesiological teachings of St. Cyprian through several aspects: dangers for the Church, attitude towards apostates and the issue of new baptism, fundamental virtues important for the individual and for the community, and views of early Christians on martyrdom. Novatian’s actions are analysed from a causal perspective with regard to what the St. Cyprian advocated and defended, since the numerous preserved works and letters related to the ecclesiological themes are actually a critique of the teachings advocated by Novation. There are two reasons due to which the Novation’s teachings will be described from a secondary perspective: lack of preserved works from which we can gain an insight into his thoughts on the Church and importance of his thesis as a reflection on the effects of the decisions of the Church Fathers. Therefore, in order to understand the circumstances of that time, it is important to analyse his role in the discussions of the that time. As a writer of the first Christian work in Latin, Novation had an important role in the development of Christian literature. St. Ambrose is a representative of the time after the Christianity became legal by Constantine’s Edict of Milan issued in 313 A.D. In this paper, we shall establish the challenges the Church was facing in this period through the analysis of the preserved works of this Bishop of Milan.